Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 14, Number 4—April 2008
Dispatch

Reassortant Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) in Poultry, Nigeria, 2007

Isabella Monne*1, Tony M. Joannis†1, Alice Fusaro*, Paola De Benedictis*, Lami H. Lombin†, Husseini Ularamu†, Anthony Egbuji†, Poman Solomon†, Tim U. Obi‡, Giovanni Cattoli*, and Ilaria Capua*Comments to Author 

Author affiliations: *Viale dell’Università, Legnaro, Padova, Italy; †National Veterinary Research Institute, Plateau State, Vom, Nigeria; ‡University of Ibadan, Oya State, Ibadan, Nigeria

Main Article

Table 2

Clustering of the gene segments of influenza strains in poultry, Nigeria, 2007*

Virus
 HA
 NA
 NS
 MA
 PB2
 PB1
 PA
 NP
A/chicken/Nigeria/641/2006†
 EMA1
 EMA1
 EMA1
 EMA1
 EMA1
 EMA1
 EMA1
 EMA1
A/chicken/Nigeria/1047-62/2006† EMA1 EMA2 EMA1 EMA2 EMA2 EMA1 EMA2 EMA1
A/chicken/1071-1/Nigeria/2007
A/chicken/1071-4/Nigeria/2007
A/chicken/1071-5/Nigeria/2007
A/chicken/1071-9/Nigeria/2007
A/chicken/1071-10/Nigeria/2007
A/chicken/1071-15/Nigeria/2007
A/chicken/1071-22/Nigeria/2007
A/duck/1071-23/Nigeria/2007
A/chicken/1071-29/Nigeria/2007
A/chicken/1071-30/Nigeria/2007
 EMA1
 EMA2
 EMA1
 EMA2
 EMA2
 EMA2
 EMA2
 EMA2
A/chicken/1071-3/Nigeria/2007
A/chicken/1071-7/Nigeria/2007 EMA2 EMA2 EMA2 EMA2 EMA2 EMA2 EMA2 EMA2

*HA, hemagglutinin; NA, neuraminidase; NS, nonstructural; MA; matrix; PB2; polymerase B2; NP, nucleoprotein.
†These strains were analyzed in a previous study (1).

Main Article

References
  1. Salzberg  SL, Kingsford  C, Cattoli  G, Spiro  DJ, Janies  DA, Aly  MM, Genome analysis linking recent European and African influenza (H5N1) viruses. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:713–8.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Ducatez  MF, Olinger  CM, Owoade  AA, Tarnagda  Z, Tahita  MC, Sow  A, Molecular and antigenic evolution and geographical spread of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in western Africa. J Gen Virol. 2007;88:2297–306. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. European Commission. Council Directive 2005 94/ECC. Community measures for the control of avian influenza and repealing directive 92/40/EEC. Official Journal of the European Union. 2005;L010 [cited 2005 Dec 20]. Available from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/dossier/dossier_04.htm
  4. Alexander  DJ, Spackman  D. Characterization of influenza A viruses isolated from turkeys in England during March–May 1979. Avian Pathol. 1981;10:281–93. DOIGoogle Scholar
  5. Kumar  S, Tamura  K, Nei  M. MEGA3: Integrated software for molecular evolutionary analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform. 2004;5:150–63. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Perdue  ML, Donis  R, Smith  GJD, Mackenzie  JS, Kawaoka  Y, Brown  IH, Towards a unified nomenclature system for the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses. Abstract of the conference option for the control of influenza VI; International Society for Influenza and other Respiratory Diseases, Toronto, Canada; 2007 June 17–23.
  7. Chare  ER, Gould  EA, Holmes  EC. Phylogenetic analysis reveals a low rate of homologous recombination in negative sense RNA virus. J Gen Virol. 2003;84:2691–703. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Matrosovich  MN, Gambaryan  AS, Teneberg  S, Piskarev  VE, Yamnikova  SS, Lvov  DK, Avian influenza A viruses differ from human viruses by recognition of sialyloligosaccharides and gangliosides and by a higher conservation of the HA receptor-binding site. Virology. 1997;233:224–34. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Hurt  AC, Selleck  P, Komadina  N, Shaw  R, Brown  L, Barr  IG. Susceptibility of highly pathogenic A (H5N1) avian influenza viruses to the neuraminidase inhibitors and adamantanes. Antiviral Res. 2007;73:228–31. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Subbarao  EK, London  W, Murphy  BR. A single amino acid in the PB2 gene of influenza A virus is a determinant of host range. J Virol. 1993;67:1761–4.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Chen  GW, Chang  SC, Mok  CK, Lo  YL, Kung  YN, Huang  JH, Genomic signatures of human versus avian influenza A viruses. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:1353–60.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Finkelstein  DB, Mukatira  S, Mehta  PK, Obenauer  JC, Su  X, Webster  RG, Persistent host markers in pandemic and H5N1 influenza viruses. J Virol. 2007;81:10292–9.
  13. Li  KS, Guan  Y, Wang  J, Smith  GJ, Xu  KM, Duan  L, Genesis of a highly pathogenic and potentially pandemic H5N1 influenza virus in eastern Asia. Nature. 2004;430:209–13. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Yamada  S, Suzuki  Y, Suzuki  T, Le  MQ, Nidom  CA, Sakai-Tagawa  Y, Haemagglutinin mutations responsible for the binding of H5N1 influenza A viruses to human-type receptors. Nature. 2006;444:378–82. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Wan  H, Perez  DR. Amino acid 226 in the haemagglutinin of H9N2 influenza viruses determines cell tropism and replication in human airway epithelial cells. J Virol. 2007;81:5181–91. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: July 14, 2010
Page updated: July 14, 2010
Page reviewed: July 14, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external