Volume 16, Number 2—February 2010
Research
Imported Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Sweden
, Åke Örtqvist, Håkan Ringberg, Leif Larsson, Barbro Olsson-Liljequist, Sara Hæggman, Mats Kalin, and Karl Ekdahl
Table 1
Estimated number of travelers and cases of travel-associated acquisition of MRSA, Sweden, 2000–2003*
| Variable | Estimated no. travelers | No. with MRSA infection (no. with MRSA disease) | Crude risk/1 million travelers (95% CI) | % Community-acquired cases | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| F | 25,219,000 | 109 (62) | 4.3 (3.6–5.2) | 42.2 | Reference |
| M |
20,634,000 |
158 (71) |
7.7 (6.6–8.9) |
27.2 |
1.5 (1.2–2.0) |
| Age group, y | |||||
| 0–14 | 6,497,000 | 30 (24) | 4.6 (3.2–6.6) | 83.3 | Reference |
| 15–29 | 8,657,000 | 72 (36) | 8.3 (6.6–10) | 31.9 | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) |
| 30–44 | 13,234,000 | 49 (26) | 3.7 (2.8–4.9) | 44.9 | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) |
| 45–59 | 12,342,000 | 62 (29) | 5.0 (3.9–6.4) | 22.6 | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) |
| 60–74 |
5,127,000 |
54 (18) |
11 (8.1–13.8) |
9.3 |
1.2 (0.7–1.9) |
| Purpose of travel | |||||
| Leisure | 36,323,000 | 237 (123) | 6.5 (5.7–7.4) | 34.2 | Reference |
| Work |
9,532,000 |
30 (10) |
3.1 (2.2–4.5) |
26.7 |
2.4 (1.5–3.8) |
| Region of origin† | |||||
| Nordic | 15,962,000 | 1 (0) | 0.1 (0.01–0.4) | 0.0 | 0.1 (0.01–0.6) |
| Western Europe | 7,614,000 | 7 (3) | 0.9 (0.4–1.9) | 14.3 | Reference |
| Southern Europe | 7,601,000 | 18 (5) | 2.4 (1.5–3.8) | 0.0 | 2.4 (1.0–5.8) |
| Central and Eastern Europe | 2,885,000 | 7 (5) | 2.4 (1.2–5.1) | 28.6 | 2.8 (1.0–8.1) |
| UK and Ireland | 2,815,000 | 26 (11) | 9.2 (6.3–13.6) | 7.7 | 10.3 (4.4–24..0) |
| North America | 1,627,000 | 17 (4) | 10.4 (6.5–16.8) | 35.3 | 10.6 (4.2–26.7) |
| Northeastern Mediterranean | 4,317,000 | 63 (30) | 14.6 (11.4–18.7) | 38.1 | 15.8 (7.0–35.6) |
| South America | 152,000 | 6 (5) | 39.5 (17.7–87.9) | 33.3 | 31.2 (10.0–97.6) |
| East Asia | 1,622,000 | 54 (27) | 33.3 (25.5–43.5) | 27.8 | 36.5 (16.2–82.0) |
| Oceania and Pacific Islands | 250,000 | 11 (5) | 44.0 (24.4–79.5) | 36.4 | 43.0 (15.5–119.4) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 232,000 | 11 (7) | 47.4 (26.3–85.6) | 54.5 | 46.3 (17.3–123.6) |
| North Africa and Middle East |
774,000 |
46 (31) |
59.4 (44.5–79.3) |
58.7 |
59.0 (25.1–138.9) |
| Total | 45,855,000 | 267 (133) | 5.8 (5.2–6.6) | 33.3 |
*MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
†Nordic: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway; Western Europe: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Switzerland; Southern Europe: Italy, Malta, Monaco, Portugal, Spain; Central and Eastern Europe: Belarus, Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Ukraine; North America: Canada, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, United States; Northeastern Mediterranean: Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Cyprus, former Yugoslavia, Greece, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey; South America: Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela; East Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines; Oceania and Pacific islands: Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, Samoa; Sub-Saharan Africa: Angola, Botswana, Chad, Ethiopia, the Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Congo–Kinshasa, Madagascar, Senegal, Sierra Leone–Togo, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, South Africa, Tanzania–Uganda; North Africa and Middle East: Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates.