Volume 16, Number 6—June 2010
Research
Clonal Expansion of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Japan
Yoshiro Murase
, Shinji Maeda, Hiroyuki Yamada, Akihiro Ohkado, Kinuyo Chikamatsu, Kazue Mizuno, Seiya Kato, and Satoshi Mitarai
, Shinji Maeda, Hiroyuki Yamada, Akihiro Ohkado, Kinuyo Chikamatsu, Kazue Mizuno, Seiya Kato, and Satoshi Mitarai
Table 1
Comparison of characteristics between TB patients with XDR TB and non-XDR MDR TB from the most recent (2002) nationwide drug susceptibility survey, Japan*
| Characteristic | No. (%) cases |
Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XDR, n = 17 | Non–XDR MDR, n = 38 | MDR/XDR, n = 55 | Drug susceptible, n = 2,782 | MDR/XDR vs. drug susceptible | XDR vs. non–XDR MDR | ||
| Age, y | |||||||
| 0–20 | 0 | 1 (3) | 1 (2) | 51 (2) | 2.57 (–) | – | |
| 21–40 | 6 (35) | 14 (37) | 20 (36) | 460 (17) | 5.69 (2.63–12.45) | 0.51 (0.12–2.18) | |
| 41–60 | 10 (59) | 12 (32) | 22 (40) | 701 (25) | 4.11 (1.93–8.85) | 1 | |
| >61 |
1 (6) |
11 (29) |
12 (22) |
1,570 (56) |
1 |
0.11 (0.00–1.11) |
|
| Sex | |||||||
| M | 9 (53) | 30 (79) | 39 (71) | 1,973 (71) | 1 | 1 | |
| F |
8 (47) |
8 (21) |
16 (29) |
809 (29) |
1.00 (0.53–1.86) |
3.33 (0.83–13.77) |
|
| Nationality | |||||||
| Japanese | 16 (94) | 31 (82) | 47 (85) | 2,710 (97) | 1 | 1 | |
| Foreigner |
1 (6) |
7 (18) |
8 (15) |
72 (3) |
6.41 (2.69–14.72) |
0.28 (0.01–2.64) |
|
| Treatment history | |||||||
| New | 8 (47) | 17 (45) | 25 (45) | 2,498 (90) | 1 | 1 | |
| Previous |
9 (53) |
21 (55) |
30 (55) |
284 (10) |
10.55 (5.93–18.83) |
0.91 (0.25–3.33) |
|
| Site of TB | |||||||
| Pulmonary | 17 (100) | 38 (100) | 55 (100) | 2,687 (97) | – | – | |
| Extrapulmonary |
0 |
0 |
0 |
95 (3) |
– |
– |
|
| Chest radiograph finding | |||||||
| Noncavitary | 5 (29) | 8 (21) | 13 (24) | 1,394 (50) | 1 | 1 | |
| Cavitary |
12 (71) |
30 (79) |
42 (76) |
1,388 (50) |
3.24 (1.68–6.38) |
0.64 (0.15–2.84) |
|
| Sputum smear test result | |||||||
| Negative | 3 (18) | 6 (16) | 9 (16) | 838 (30) | 1 | 1 | |
| Positive |
14 (82) |
32 (84) |
46 (84) |
1,944 (70) |
2.20 (1.03–4.85) |
0.88 (0.16–5.23) |
|
| Complication | |||||||
| None | 6 (35) | 21 (55) | 27 (49) | 1,344 (48) | 1 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 (24) | 7 (18) | 11 (20) | 438 (16) | 1.25 (0.58–2.65) | 2.00 (0.34–11.88) | |
| Malignancy | 3 (18) | 2 (5) | 5 (9) | 180 (6) | 1.38 (0.46–3.83) | 5.25 (0.52–61.86) | |
*TB, tuberculosis; XDR, extensively drug-resistant; MDR, multidrug-resistant; MDR/XDR, MDR TB and XDR TB; –, not available. Boldface indicates significance.
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