Volume 11, Number 6—June 2005
Research
Trypanosomiasis Relapse after Melarsoprol Therapy, Democratic Republic of Congo, 1982–2001
Jacques Pépin*
and Bokelo Mpia†
and Bokelo Mpia†
Table 3
Risk factors for relapses following treatment with melarsoprol (excluding patients who died during treatment)*
| Relapses/total (%) | Odds ratios (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Females | 55/1,091 (5.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Males | 80/1,014 (7.9) | 1.61 (1.13–2.30)† | 1.57 (1.08–2.27)† |
| Age (y) | |||
| ≤14 | 19/382 (5.0) | 1.00 | |
| 15–49 | 97/1,380 (7.0) | 1.44 (0.87–2.39) | |
| ≥50 | 14/257 (5.4) | 1.10 (0.54–2.24) | |
| Year of diagnosis | |||
| 1982–1985 | 31/553 (5.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1986–1989 | 35/512 (6.8) | 1.24 (0.75–2.04) | 0.83 (0.45–1.52) |
| 1990–1993 | 18/398 (4.5) | 0.80 (0.44–1.45) | 0.47 (0.23–0.97)† |
| 1994–1997 | 34/299 (11.4) | 2.16 (1.30–3.59)† | 0.82 (0.40–1.69) |
| 1998–2001 | 17/343 (5.0) | 0.88 (0.48–1.61) | 0.31 (0.13–0.71)† |
| Area of residence | |||
| Nioki town | 40/486 (8.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Mfimi River | 62/783 (7.9) | 0.96 (0.63–1.45) | 1.04 (0.67–1.61) |
| Molibampe River | 13/197 (6.6) | 0.79 (0.41–1.51) | 0.76 (0.39–1.48) |
| Baboma/Basengele | 4/302 (1.3) | 0.15 (0.05–0.42)‡ | 0.14 (0.05–0.40)‡ |
| Out of district | 16/311 (5.1) | 0.60 (0.33–1.10) | 0.59 (0.32–1.10) |
| Trypanosomes in lymph node aspirate | |||
| No | 77/1,217 (6.3) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 58/888 (6.5) | 1.03 (0.73–1.47) | |
| Trypanosomes in CSF | |||
| No | 62/1,233 (5.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 73/872 (8.4) | 1.73 (1.22–2.45)† | 1.52 (1.02–2.27)† |
| CSF leukocyte count (per mm3) | |||
| 1–5 | 1/94 (1.1) | 0.23 (0.03–1.79) | |
| 6–19 | 15/341 (4.4) | 1.00 | |
| 20–99 | 39/572 (6.8) | 1.59 (0.86–2.93) | |
| ≥100 | 80/1,098 (7.3) | 1.71 (0.97–3.01) | |
| Melarsoprol regimens | |||
| 1 series of 3 injections | 1/69 (1.4) | 0.21 (0.03–1.53) | 0.29 (0.04–2.18) |
| 2 series of 3 injections | 11/331 (3.3) | 0.49 (0.26–0.93)† | 0.47 (0.23–0.95)† |
| 3 series of 3 injections | 80/1,222 (6.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3 series of 4 injections | 15/250 (6.0) | 0.91 (0.52–1.61) | 0.62 (0.30–1.26) |
| 3 series of 3, incremental | 16/68 (23.5) | 4.39 (2.40–8.04) | 4.68 (2.26–9.69) |
| 10 daily injections | 12/165 (7.3) | 1.12 (0.60–2.10) | 1.58 (0.74–3.38) |
| Prednisolone | |||
| No | 33/643 (5.1) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 102/1,462 (7.0) | 1.39 (0.93–2.08) | |
*CI, confidence interval; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid. †p<0.05. ‡p<0.001.
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