Volume 13, Number 1—January 2007
Research
Spread of Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia, Canada, and Detection in the Pacific Northwest, USA
Laura MacDougall*
, Sarah E. Kidd†, Eleni Galanis*, Sunny Mak*, Mira J. Leslie‡, Paul R. Cieslak§, James W. Kronstad†, Muhammad G. Morshed*, and Karen H. Bartlett†
, Sarah E. Kidd†, Eleni Galanis*, Sunny Mak*, Mira J. Leslie‡, Paul R. Cieslak§, James W. Kronstad†, Muhammad G. Morshed*, and Karen H. Bartlett†
Table 3
Geographic location and molecular type associated with clinical and environmental isolates from locations off Vancouver Island*
| Isolate | Date† | Host | Residence | Geographic grid | Culture/specimen no. | Serotype | Molecular type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | |||||||
| 1 | Dec 2004 | Human | BC mainland | NTS 092G/05 | A4MR410 | B | VGI |
| 2 | Mar 2005 | Human | BC mainland | NTS 092G/07 | A5MF738 | B | VGIIa |
| 3 | Mar 2005 | Human | BC mainland | NTS 092G/02 | A5MR57 | B | VGIIa |
| 4 | 2005‡ | Human | Oregon | USGS 44123-A1B4 | KB11632 | B | VGIIa§ |
| 5 | Dec 2005 | Human | Oregon | USGS 45122-C5D8 | A6MR38 | B | VGIIb§ |
| Animal | |||||||
| 1 | Nov 2003 | Llama | BC mainland | NTS 092G/01 | KB7092 | B | VGIIa |
| 2 | Mar 2004 | Cat | BC mainland | NTS 092G/01 | KB8174 | B | VGIIa |
| 3 | May 2004 | Cat | BC mainland | NTS 092G/01 | KB8686 | B | VGIIa |
| 4 | Aug 2004 | Cat | BC mainland | NTS 092G/01 | KB10645 | B | VGIIa |
| 5 | Nov 2004 | Cat | BC mainland | NTS 092G/01 | KB11242 | B | VGIIa |
| 6 | Mar 2005 | Cat | BC mainland | NTS 092G/03 | KB11765 | B | VGIIa |
| 7 | Sep 2005 | Ferret | BC mainland | NTS 092G/06 | KB14724 | B | VGIIa |
| 8 | 2005‡ | Cat | BC mainland | NTS 092G/01 | KB15181 | B | VGIIa |
| 9 | Jul 2004 | Cat | Washington | USGS 48122-G1H4 | 2004-7975¶ | B | VGIIa |
| 10 | Jan 2005 | Cat | Washington | USGS 48122-G1H4 | 2005-0550¶ | B | VGIIa |
| 11 | Apr 2005 | Cat | Washington | USGS 48122-G1H4 | 2005-4659¶ | B | VGIIa |
| Representative environmental isolates (of 60 total) | |||||||
| – | Oct 2002 | Air | BC mainland | NTS 092G/02 | KB2045 | B | VGIIa |
| – | Oct 2002 | Air | BC mainland | NTS 092G/02 | KB2241 | B | VGIIa |
| – | Jul 2004 | Air | BC mainland | NTS 092G/02 | KB9057 | B | VGIIa |
| – | Jul 2004 | Air | BC mainland | NTS 092G/01 | KB9101 | B | VGIIa |
| – | Jul 2004 | Air | BC mainland | NTS 092G/01 | KB9091# | B | – |
| – | Mar 2004 | Swab, tree | Gulf Islands | 092B/14 | KB7892 | B | VGI |
| – | Mar 2004 | Soil | Gulf Islands | 092B/14 | KB7893 | B | VGIIa |
| – | Feb 2005 | Swab, tree | Gulf Islands | 092B/14 | KB11363 | B | VGI |
| – | Jun 2005 | Soil | Gulf Islands | 092B/10 | KB12611 | B | VGIIa |
| – | Aug 2005 | Soil | Gulf Islands | 092B/14 | KB13866 | B | VGIIa |
| – | Sep 2005 | Swab, fence post | Washington | USGS 48122-G1H4 | KB14489 | B | VGIIa |
| – | Oct 2005 | Soil | Washington | USGS 48122-G1H4 | KB14735 | B | VGIIa |
*BC, British Columbia; NTS, National Topographic System of Canada; USGS, US Geological Survey.
†Date of diagnosis for human and animal case-patients; date of sample for environmental isolates.
‡Month unknown.
§Multilocus sequence typing analyses showed differences between these isolates and characterized VGIIa and VGIIb strains from British Columbia.
¶DNA isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue.
#Isolate could not be cleaned from contaminants. Not retained.
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