Volume 14, Number 4—April 2008
Dispatch
Mycobacterium avium Lymphadenopathy among Children, Sweden
Figure 1
![Seasonal incidence of Mycobacterium avium infection in Swedish children (1983–2003) in our study (bars = real numbers) and as predicted by nonlinear regression sine functions (equations: y = a + bsin[(x – c)Π/6], where x represents the months (1–12) (www.smhi.se), and with “a,” “b,” and “c” characteristic for each curve and b ≠ 0 with statistical significance, p<0.05, for all these curves. (See also online Appendix Table, available from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/14/4/661-appT.htm) A) All children. The curves were statistically significant, p<0.05, for both 1983–1997 and 1998–2003, and so the data for all years were grouped together. UCL, upper confidence limit; LCL, lower confidence limit. B) Children <2 years and >2 years of age, respectively. “b,” amplitude of curve, has a tendency to be greater for children <2 years of age (p = 0.07) and “c” is slightly smaller for children >2 years of age, representing a shift to the right of the curve, though not statistically significant. Pred, predicted.](/eid/images/06-0570-F1.jpg)
Figure 1. Seasonal incidence of Mycobacterium avium infection in Swedish children (1983–2003) in our study (bars = real numbers) and as predicted by nonlinear regression sine functions (equations: y = a + bsin[(x – c)Π/6], where x represents the months (1–12) (www.smhi.se), and with “a,” “b,” and “c” characteristic for each curve and b ≠ 0 with statistical significance, p<0.05, for all these curves. (See also online Appendix Table, available from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/14/4/661-appT.htm) A) All children. The curves were statistically significant, p<0.05, for both 1983–1997 and 1998–2003, and so the data for all years were grouped together. UCL, upper confidence limit; LCL, lower confidence limit. B) Children <2 years and >2 years of age, respectively. “b,” amplitude of curve, has a tendency to be greater for children <2 years of age (p = 0.07) and “c” is slightly smaller for children >2 years of age, representing a shift to the right of the curve, though not statistically significant. Pred, predicted.
References
- Wolinsky E. Mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children: a prospective study of 105 nontuberculous cases with long term follow-up. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20:954–63.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Panesar J, Higgins K, Daya H, Forte V, Allen U. Nontuberculous mycobacterial cervical adenitis: a ten-year retrospective review. Laryngoscope. 2003;113:149–54. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Romanus V, Hallander HO, Whålén P, Olinder-Nielsen AM, Magnusson PHW, Juhlin I. Atypical mycobacteria in extrapulmonary disease among children. Incidence in Sweden from 1969 to 1990, related to changing BCG-vaccination coverage. Tuber Lung Dis. 1995;76:300–10. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Primm TP, Lucero CA, Falkinham JO III. Health impacts of environmental mycobacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004;17:98–106. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Biet F, Boschiroli ML, Thorel MF, Guilloteau LA. Zoonotic aspects of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC). Vet Res. 2005;36:411–36. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Iivanainen EK, Martikainen PJ, Vaananen PK, Katila ML. Environmental factors affecting the occurrence of mycobacteria in brook waters. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993;59:398–404.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Larsson LO. Sensitivity to sensitins and tuberculin in Swedish children. An epidemiological and clinical study. Göteborg (Sweden): Göteborg University: 1991.
- Edwards LB, Acquaviva FA, Livesay VT, Cross FW, Palmer CE. An atlas of sensitivity to tuberculin, PPD-B and histoplasmin in the United States. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1969;99(Suppl):1–132.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Gill MJ, Fanning EA, Chomyc S. Childhood lymphadenitis in a harsh northern climate due to atypical mycobacteria. Scand J Infect Dis. 1987;19:77–83. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Nylen O, Berg-Kelly K, Andersson B. Cervical lymph node infections with non-tuberculous mycobacteria in preschool children: interferon gamma deficiency as a possible cause of clinical infection. Acta Paediatr. 2000;89:1322–5. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Lewinsohn DA, Gennaro ML, Scholvinck L, Lewinsohn DM. Tuberculosis immunology in children: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and opportunities. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2004;8:658–74.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Archuleta RJ, Hoppes PY, Primm TP. Mycobacterium avium enters a state of metabolic dormancy in response to starvation. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2005;85:147–58. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Drugge U, Andersson R, Chizari F, Danielsson M, Holmgren G, Sandgren O, Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy in Sweden: a pedigree analysis. J Med Genet. 1993;30:388–92.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Doffinger R, Altare F, Casanova J-L. Genetic heterogeneity of Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial infection. Microbes Infect. 2000;2:1553–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar