Table 1

Volume 15, Number 2—February 2009

Prospective Surveillance of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease, Fiji, 2005–2007

Andrew C. Steer

, Adam Jenney, Joseph Kado, Michael F. Good, Michael Batzloff, Lepani Waqatakirewa, E. Kim Mullholland, and Jonathan R. Carapetis

Author affiliations: University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.C. Steer, A. Jenney, E.K. Mullholland, J.R. Carapetis); Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji (J. Kado, L. Waqatakirewa); Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (M.F. Good, M. Batzloff); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (E.K. Mullholand); Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia (J.R. Carapetis)

Main Article

Case definitions for invasive GAS disease, Fiji, 2005–2007*

Disease	Case definition
Definite	Either of the following: 1. The isolation of GAS from a normally sterile site (e.g., blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or other sterile fluid/tissue). 2. Clinical presentation of necrotizing fasciitis with evidence of GAS infection (e.g., the presence of typical gram-positive cocci on Gram stain or positive streptococcal serology).
Probable	Any of the following: 1. A classic presentation of necrotizing fasciitis without microbiological confirmation. 2. Cellulitis in a patient who is moderately or severely unwell (i.e., unwell and history of parenteral antibiotics and/or admission to hospital) and microbiological confirmation (i.e., group A streptococcal culture of swab or positive streptococcal serology). 3. Other clinically significant infection in a patient who is moderately or severely unwell (i.e., unwell and history of parenteral antibiotics and/or admission to hospital), in conjunction with positive group A streptococcal culture from deep wound swab or biopsy from surgical infection site.

Disease

Case definition

Definite

Either of the following: 1. The isolation of GAS from a normally sterile site (e.g., blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or other sterile fluid/tissue). 2. Clinical presentation of necrotizing fasciitis with evidence of GAS infection (e.g., the presence of typical gram-positive cocci on Gram stain or positive streptococcal serology).

Probable

Any of the following: 1. A classic presentation of necrotizing fasciitis without microbiological confirmation. 2. Cellulitis in a patient who is moderately or severely unwell (i.e., unwell and history of parenteral antibiotics and/or admission to hospital) and microbiological confirmation (i.e., group A streptococcal culture of swab or positive streptococcal serology). 3. Other clinically significant infection in a patient who is moderately or severely unwell (i.e., unwell and history of parenteral antibiotics and/or admission to hospital), in conjunction with positive group A streptococcal culture from deep wound swab or biopsy from surgical infection site.

*GAS, group A streptococci.

Main Article

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Page updated: December 08, 2010

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