Volume 17, Number 2—February 2011
Research
Leptospirosis in Hawaii, USA, 1999–2008
Alan R. Katz
, Arlene E. Buchholz, Kialani Hinson, Sarah Y. Park, and Paul V. Effler
, Arlene E. Buchholz, Kialani Hinson, Sarah Y. Park, and Paul V. Effler
Table 2
Clinical findings for 198 case-patients with laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis, Hawaii, USA, 1999–2008
| Sign, symptoms, and laboratory result |
No. (%) patients affected |
No. patients with data available |
| Sign or symptom | ||
| Fever | 187 (98) | 191 |
| Myalgia | 162 (88) | 185 |
| Headache | 156 (87) | 179 |
| Nausea | 117 (68) | 173 |
| Vomiting | 101 (59) | 172 |
| Arthralgia | 73 (46) | 157 |
| Diarrhea | 79 (46) | 171 |
| Backache | 50 (34) | 146 |
| Jaundice | 53 (33) | 163 |
| Oliguria or anuria | 32 (21) | 152 |
| Conjunctival suffusion | 30 (19) | 156 |
| Nuchal rigidity | 23 (14) | 159 |
| Pneumonia | 13 (8) | 154 |
| Hepatosplenomegaly |
8 (6) |
140 |
| Laboratory results | ||
| Renal | ||
| Hematuria | 78 (73) | 107 |
| Proteinuria | 71 (68) | 105 |
| Elevated creatinine (>1.5 mg/dL) | 60 (51) | 118 |
| Elevated blood urea nitrogen (>20 mg/dL) | 68 (50) | 136 |
| Hepatic | ||
| Elevated alanine aminotransferase (>40 U/L) | 109 (74) | 147 |
| Elevated total bilirubin (>1 mg/dL) | 85 (63) | 134 |
| Hematologic | ||
| Thrombocytopenia (<140 × 109/L) | 97 (66) | 146 |
| Elevated leukocyte count (>10 × 109 cells/L) | 74 (48) | 155 |
| Decreased hematocrit (<34%) | 56 (38) | 146 |
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