Volume 17, Number 2—February 2011
Research
Leptospirosis in Hawaii, USA, 1999–2008
Table 2
Clinical findings for 198 case-patients with laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis, Hawaii, USA, 1999–2008
Sign, symptoms, and laboratory result |
No. (%) patients affected |
No. patients with data available |
Sign or symptom | ||
Fever | 187 (98) | 191 |
Myalgia | 162 (88) | 185 |
Headache | 156 (87) | 179 |
Nausea | 117 (68) | 173 |
Vomiting | 101 (59) | 172 |
Arthralgia | 73 (46) | 157 |
Diarrhea | 79 (46) | 171 |
Backache | 50 (34) | 146 |
Jaundice | 53 (33) | 163 |
Oliguria or anuria | 32 (21) | 152 |
Conjunctival suffusion | 30 (19) | 156 |
Nuchal rigidity | 23 (14) | 159 |
Pneumonia | 13 (8) | 154 |
Hepatosplenomegaly |
8 (6) |
140 |
Laboratory results | ||
Renal | ||
Hematuria | 78 (73) | 107 |
Proteinuria | 71 (68) | 105 |
Elevated creatinine (>1.5 mg/dL) | 60 (51) | 118 |
Elevated blood urea nitrogen (>20 mg/dL) | 68 (50) | 136 |
Hepatic | ||
Elevated alanine aminotransferase (>40 U/L) | 109 (74) | 147 |
Elevated total bilirubin (>1 mg/dL) | 85 (63) | 134 |
Hematologic | ||
Thrombocytopenia (<140 × 109/L) | 97 (66) | 146 |
Elevated leukocyte count (>10 × 109 cells/L) | 74 (48) | 155 |
Decreased hematocrit (<34%) | 56 (38) | 146 |