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Volume 17, Number 6—June 2011
Dispatch

Association of Patients’ Geographic Origins with Viral Hepatitis Co-infection Patterns, Spain

Santiago Pérez CachafeiroComments to Author , Ana María Caro-Murillo, Juan Berenguer, Ferran Segura, Felix Gutiérrez, Francesc Vidal, Maria Ángeles Martínez-Pérez, Julio Sola, Roberto Muga, Santiago Moreno, Julia Del Amo, on behalf of Cohort of the Spanish Aids Research Network
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: Fundación IDI Complexo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain (S. Pérez Cachafeiro); National Centre of Epidemiology Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (A.M. Caro-Murillo, J. Del Amo); Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid (J. Berenguer); Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (F. Segura); Hospital Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain (F. Gutiérrez); Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain (F. Vidal), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain (M.Á. Martínez-Pérez), Hospital de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (J. Sola); Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (R. Muga); and Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid (S. Moreno)

Main Article

Table 2

Frequencies of hepatitis C virus seropositivity and/or active hepatitis B virus-HIV coinfection in HIV-infected patients and multivariate odds ratio of association to sociodemographic variables, Spain, 2004–2008*

Variable HCV seropositivity
 HBsAg seropositivity
No. (%) patients Adjusted OR (95% CI) No. (%) patients Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Sex
M 3,012 (21.18) NA 2,952 (6.47) 1.00
F
 855 (24.09)
872 (3.67)
 0.44 (0.28–0.68)
Age, y
<31 1,168 (9.76) 1.00 1,119 (5.36) NA
31–40 1,532 (24.22) 2.60 (1.84–3.67) 1,515 (5.54)
>40
 1,166 (30.79)
 3.85 (2.72–5.46)
1,189 (6.64)
Transmission category
Heterosexual 1400 (13) 1.00 1,467 (5.11) 1.00
Injection drug use 639 (89.51) 50.67 (36.85–69.68) 618 (7.77) 1.71 (1.11–2.63)
Men who have sex with men 1,670 (3.53) 0.33 (0.24–0.45) 1,584 (5.81) 1.33 (0.89–1.98)
Other/unknown
 158 (19.62)
 1.50 (0.97–2.33)
155 (5.16)
 0.97 (0.45–2.09)
Level of studies
No studies 272 (32.72) 1.00 262 (8.78) 1.00
Primary school 1,286 (31.18) 0.80 (0.52–1.24) 1,244 (6.75) 0.82 (0.5–1.36)
Secondary school 1,108 (13.09) 0.51 (0.32–0.82) 1,054 (4.27) 0.48 (0.27–0.84)
University 591 (5.75) 0.42 (0.24–0.76) 560 (5.54) 0.61 (0.33–1.12)
Unknown
 610 (28.69)
 1.05 (0.66–1.67)
704 (5.68)
 0.64 (0.37–1.11)
Geographic origin
Spain 2,650 (26.53) 1.00 2,628 (4.91) 1.00
Western Europe 121 (22.31) 1.01 (0.51–2.03) 116 (11.21) 2.38 (1.29–4.39)
Eastern Europe 85 (45.88) 3.76 (2.06–6.83) 83 (8.43) 2.15 (0.96–4.84)
Sub-Saharan Africa 268 (10.07) 0.60 (0.38–0.96) 280 (11.07) 3.63 (2.22–5.92)
North Africa 55 (16.36) 0.51 (0.2–1.34) 55 (10.91) 2.96 (1.21–7.23)
Latin America 648 (4.94) 0.45 (0.29–0.69) 622 (5.63) 1.30 (0.87–1.93)
Other/unknown 40 (17.5) 0.81 (0.26–2.5) 40 (5.00) 0.98 (0.23–4.15)

*Variables included in the multivariate analyses: gender, transmission category, age at entry into cohort, and educational level. HCV, hepatitis C virus; HBsAg, hepatitis B virus surface antigen; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NA, not associated in the model.

Main Article

1A complete listing of the members of the Spanish AIDS Research Network is provided in the Technical Appendix

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