Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 17, Number 6—June 2011
Letter

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and HIV Infection

Shireesha DhanireddyComments to Author , Robert D. Harrington, Heidi M. Crane, Matthew R. Gingo, Alison Morris, Laurence Huang, and Kristina Crothers
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (S. Dhanireddy, R.D. Harrington, H.M. Crane, K. Crothers); University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (M.R. Gingo, A. Morris); University of California, San Francisco, California, USA (L. Huang)

Main Article

Table

Baseline characteristics for HIV-infected patients with pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2009*

Patient characteristics All patients,
n = 23 Inpatients,
n = 8 Outpatients,
n = 15 p value†
Demographics
Male sex 19 (83) 5 (63) 14 (93) 0.1
Median age, y (range) 43 (22–72) 46 (34–72) 42 (22–64) 0.5
Race/ethnicity 1.0
White 14 (61) 5 (63) 9 (60)
Black 5 (22) 2 (25) 3 (20)
Hispanic 4 (17) 0 4 (27) 1.0
Other/refused to answer
4 (17)
1 (13)
3 (20)

History
Received 2009–10 seasonal influenza vaccine before illness 14 (61) 6 (75) 8 (53) 0.1
Ever smoked
15 (65)
7 (88)
8 (53)
0.2
HIV-associated factors
CD4 count, cells/µL, median (range) 308 (32–1,024) 147 (32–1,024) 438 (119–833) 0.06
Undetectable HIV-1 RNA 19 (83) 6 (75) 13 (87) 0.6
Receiving antiretroviral therapy
21 (91)
8 (100)
13 (87)
0.5
Predisposing risk factors 15 (65) 6 (75) 9 (60) 0.5
Prior lung disease 8 (35) 5 (63) 3 (20) 0.07
Cardiovascular disease 4 (17) 3 (38) 1 (6.7) 0.1
Obesity, body mass index >30 4 (17) 1 (13) 3 (20) 1.0
Neutropenia 3 (13) 2 (25) 1 (6.7) 0.3
Receiving immunosuppressive agent 3 (13) 3 (38) 0 0.03
Malignancy 4 (17) 2 (25) 2 (13) 0.6
Diabetes
2 (8.7)
0
2 (13)
0.5
Signs and symptoms
Fever 18 (78) 7 (88) 11 (73) 0.6
Fatigue 5 (22) 2 (25) 3 (20) 1.0
Malaise 11 (48) 7 (88) 4 (27) 0.009
Myalgia 10 (43) 3 (38) 7 (47) 1.0
Sore throat 5 (22) 2 (25) 3 (20) 1.0
Cough 21 (91) 8 (100) 13 (87) 0.5
Dyspnea 8 (35) 4 (50) 4 (27) 0.4
Nausea/vomiting 10 (43) 2 (25) 8 (53) 0.4
Median duration of symptoms before seeking care, d (range)
4 (0–30)
4.5 (0–10)
3 (1–30)
0.6
Physical examination findings
Median temperature, °C (range) 38.0 (35.7–40.2) 39.1 (37.3–40.2) 37.7 (35.7–38.5) 0.001
Median heart rate, beats/min (range) 96 (69–129) 109 (80–127) 94 (69–129) 0.1
Mean arterial blood pressure, mm Hg (range) 94 (66–116) 89 (66–98) 97 (75–116) 0.05
Median respiratory rate, breaths/min (range) 20 (14–40) 22 (18–40) 19 (14–36) 0.04
Abnormal lung sounds
11 (48)
8 (100)
3 (23)
0.001
Laboratory findings
Leukocyte count, cells × 109/L (range) 4.53 (0.53–10.8) 3.2 (0.53–10.8) 5.4 (2.8–9.4) 0.4
Leukopenia, <5,000 cells/µL
9 (39)
5 (63)
4 (40)
0.6
Chest radiograph findings, new infiltrate
6 (26)
5 (63)
1 (13)
0.1
Care received
Antiviral treatment for influenza 21 (91) 8 (100) 13 (87) 0.5
Intensive care unit admission 3 (13) 3 (38) NA
Mechanical ventilation 2 (8.7) 2 (25) NA
Vasopressors
2 (8.7)
2 (25)
NA

Outcomes
Secondary pneumonia 3 (13) 3 (38) 0 0.03
Thrombotic complications 1 (4.6) 1 (13) 0 0.4
Died 2 (8.7) 2 (25) 0 0.1

*Values are no. (%) patients except as indicated. Among the 15 outpatients, 13 had a lung examination documented, 10 had a leukocyte count performed, and 8 had a chest radiograph taken. NA, not applicable.
†For comparison of characteristics between inpatients and outpatients.

Main Article

Page created: August 04, 2011
Page updated: August 04, 2011
Page reviewed: August 04, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external