Volume 18, Number 11—November 2012
CME ACTIVITY - Research
Nasopharyngeal Bacterial Interactions in Children
Qingfu Xu, Anthony Almudervar, Janet R. Casey, and Michael E. Pichichero
Table 2
Predicted outcome of nasopharyngeal colonization among children when healthy and at onset of acute otitis media, Rochester, NY, USA, June 2006–May 2010*
| Characteristics |
Outcome, OR (95% CI)
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Spn
|
Hflu
|
Mcat
|
||||||
| Healthy | AOM | Healthy | AOM | Healthy | AOM | |||
| Hflu x Mcat | ||||||||
|
Neither§ |
1.0 | 1.0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
|
Hflu |
1.33 (0.78–2.27) | 0.40† (0.22–0.71) | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
|
Mcat |
1.42‡ (1.06–1.99) | 1.02 (0.58–1.79) | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
|
Both |
3.40 (1.99–5.81)
|
0.79
(0.41–1.51)
|
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
NA
|
NA
|
| Spn x Mcat | ||||||||
|
Neither§ |
NA | NA | 1.0 | 1.0 | NA | NA | ||
|
Spn |
NA | NA | 1.43 (0.83–2.45) | 0.41† (0.23–0.73) | NA | NA | ||
|
Mcat |
NA | NA | 0.81 (0.48–1.38) | 0.37† (0.19–0.71) | NA | NA | ||
|
Both |
NA
|
NA
|
|
2.10 (1.30–3.40)
|
0.28 (0.15–0.52)
|
|
NA
|
NA
|
| Spn x Hflu | ||||||||
|
Neither§ |
NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
|
Spn |
NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.51† (1.12–2.03) | 1.02 (0.58–1.80) | ||
|
Hflu |
NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.83 (0.49–1.41) | 0.35† (0.18–0.68) | ||
|
Both |
NA
|
NA
|
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
2.17 (1.29–3.64)
|
0.68 (0.36–1.32)
|
| Saur | ||||||||
|
Absent§ |
1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
|
Present |
0.55‡ (0.34–0.88)
|
0.95 (0.43–2.08)
|
|
0.72 (0.33–1.54)
|
0.62 (0.19–2.00)
|
|
1.07 (0.69–1.66)
|
1.19 (0.52–2.70)
|
| Male | 0.0.84 (0.61–1.17) | 0.85 (0.54–1.35) | 0.83 (0.53–1.28) | 0.75 (0.46–1.23) | 1.07 (0.80–1.42) | 1.94† (1.21–3.11) | ||
| Daycare | 1.87† (1.34–2.59) | 1.29 (0.81–2.05) | 1.71‡ (1.1–2.67) | 2.06† (1.26–3.38) | 1.28 (0.94–1.73) | 0.91 (0.58–1.45) | ||
| Breast-fed | 1.29 (0.92–1.83) | 1.07 (0.65–1.77) | 0.75 (0.48–1.16) | 0.81 (0.48–1.38) | 1.00 (0.74–1.35) | 1.02 (0.63–1.63) | ||
| Smoke | 0.77 (0.48–1.22) | 0.65 (0.31–1.34) | 0.74 (0.38—1.43) | 0.61 (0.29–1.30) | 0.80 (0.53–1.20) | 0.98 (0.41–2.30) | ||
| Otitis prone | 2.34‡ (1.19–4.59) | 0.98 (0.63–1.53) | 3.10† (1.51–6.36) | 1.42 (0.89–2.27) | 1.16 (0.51–2.66) | 0.98 (0.63–1.52) | ||
*Boldface indicates significance. OR, odds ratio; Spn, Streptococcus pneumoniae; Hflu, Haemophilus influenzae; Mcat, Moraxella catarrhailis; AOM, acute otitis media; NA, not applicable; Saur, Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial interactions were analyzed by using repeated measures logistic regression models. †p≤0.01. ‡p≤0.05. §Reference.
Page created: October 16, 2012
Page updated: October 16, 2012
Page reviewed: October 16, 2012
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
Content Credential