Volume 19, Number 5—May 2013
Research
Foodborne Transmission of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy to Nonhuman Primates
, Barbara Yutzy, Walter Schulz-Schaeffer, Carina Kruip, Uwe Hahmann, Pär Bierke, Juan-Maria Torres, Yong-Sun Kim, Achim Thomzig, Michael Beekes, Gerhard Hunsmann, and Johannes Loewer
Table 2
Characteristics of oral inoculation of 5-year-old macaques with BSE-inducing or mock brain material *
| Macaque | Sex | BSE dose, g | Euthanized, y postinoculation | 14-3-3p–positive CSF | PrPres pattern (brain) | PrPres pattern (spinal cord C1–T12) | PrPres pattern (spinal cord L1–L4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group I (clinically infected)† | |||||||
| S1 | F | 5 | 4.3 | Yes | 2B | 2B | 2B |
| S2 | F | 5 | 4.6 | Yes | 2B | 2B | 2B |
| S3 | M | 5 | 4.7 | Yes | 2B | 2B | 2B |
| S4 | F | 5 | 4.8 | Yes | 2B | 2B | 2B |
| S5 | F | 5 | 5.2 | Yes | 2B | 2B | 2B |
| S6‡ | F | 16 | 3.7 | Yes | 2B | 2B | 2B |
| S7 | F | 16 | 4.5 | Yes | 2B | 2B | 2B |
| S8 |
F |
16 |
5.3 |
Yes |
2B |
2B |
2B |
| Group II (preclinical)§ | |||||||
| S9 | M | 5 | 1.0 | No | Neg | Neg | Neg |
| S10 | M | 5 | 1.0 | No | Neg | Neg | Neg |
| S11 | M | 5 | 3.0 | No | Neg | Neg | Non-2B |
| S12 | M | 5 | 3.0 | No | Neg | Neg | Non-2B |
| S13 | M | 5 | 3,9 | No | Neg | Th7–10+ | Neg |
| S14 | F | 5 | 4,1 | No | Neg | Neg | Non-2B |
| S15 |
F |
5 |
5.0 |
No |
Neg |
Neg |
Non-2B |
| Group III (preclinical)¶ | |||||||
| C1 | F | 8 | 6.5 | No | Neg | Neg | Non-2B |
| C2 | F | 10 | 6.5 | No | Neg | Neg | Non-2B |
| C3 |
F |
16 |
8.8 |
No |
Neg |
Neg |
Neg |
| Group IV (controls)# | |||||||
| M1 | F | 5 | 2.0 | No | Neg | Neg | Neg |
| M2 | F | 5 | 5.0 | No | Neg | Neg | Neg |
| M3 | F | 16 | 6.0 | No | Neg | Neg | Neg |
| M4 | F | 16 | 6.0 | No | Neg | Neg | Neg |
| M5 | F | 16 | 6.0 | No | Neg | Neg | Neg |
| M6 | F | 16 | 6.0 | No | Neg | Neg | Neg |
| M7 | F | 0.05 | 6.0 | No | Neg | Neg | Neg |
| M8 | F | 0.05 | 6.0 | No | Neg | Neg | Neg |
*BSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy; PrPres, proteinase-resistant prion protein; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; C, cervical; T, thoracic; L, lumbar; neg, negative.
†Received 1 BSE dose, observed until onset of clinical signs.
‡Macaque S6 had a highly stimulated immune system on the day of oral exposure and thereafter (reason unknown) and had the highest postmortem levels of proteinease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) in spleen and other lymphoreticular tissues of all examined macaques (data not shown).
§Animals received 1 BSE dose and were euthanized at regular intervals during incubation period (all animals had PrPres -positive non–central nervous system tissue).
¶Cumulative BSE dose, euthanized.
#Exposed to mock (non–BSE-infected) bovine brain material and euthanized during aging to act as age-matched controls.