Volume 19, Number 8—August 2013
Research
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase– and AmpC-Producing Enterobacteria in Healthy Broiler Chickens, Germany
Felix Reich, Viktoria Atanassova, and Günter Klein
Table 2
MIC50 and MIC90distribution in Escherichia coli of ESBL or AmpC producers in broiler chickens, Germany, 2010*
| FEP | FEP/CLA | CTX | CTX/CLA | FOX | CPD | CPD/CLA | CAZ | CAZ/CLA | ATM | TZP | CIP | NAL | CHL | TET | TMP/SXT | MEM | GEN | STR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breakpoint, µg/mL | >8 | – | >4 | >4 | >32† | >2 | – | >8 | – | >8 | >32 | >2 | >32 | >16 | >16† | >8 | >16 | >8 | – |
| ECOFF |
<0.125 |
– |
<0.25 |
<0.25 |
<8 |
<2 |
– |
<0.5 |
– |
<0.25 |
<8 |
<0.064 |
<16 |
<16 |
<8 |
<1 |
<0.125 |
<2 |
<16 |
| Total, n = 76 | |||||||||||||||||||
| MIC50 | 2 | <0.25 | 16 | 1 | 8 | >32 | 1 | 16 | 0.5 | 2 | 2 | <0.06 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 0.25 | <0.063 | 0.5 | 32 |
| MIC90 |
32 |
1 |
>32 |
16 |
>64 |
>32 |
>32 |
>32 |
32 |
8 |
4 |
1 |
>128 |
64 |
>16 |
>8 |
<0.063 |
1 |
>64 |
| ESBL, n = 42 | |||||||||||||||||||
| MIC50 | 8 | <0.25 | 32 | <0.25 | 4 | >32 | <0.25 | 8 | <0.25 | 2 | <1 | 0.125 | 16 | 8 | >16 | 0.25 | <0.063 | 0.5 | 32 |
| MIC90 |
>32 |
<0.25 |
>32 |
1 |
8 |
>32 |
1 |
32 |
0.5 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
>128 |
64 |
>16 |
>8 |
<0.063 |
1 |
>64 |
| ESBL, AmpC, n = 13 | |||||||||||||||||||
| MIC50 | 2 | <0.25 | 16 | 16 | 64 | >32 | >32 | 32 | 16 | 4 | 4 | 0.25 | 128 | 32 | >16 | 0.125 | <0.063 | 0.5 | >64 |
| MIC90 |
8 |
0.5 |
32 |
32 |
>64 |
>32 |
>32 |
>32 |
32 |
8 |
4 |
0.5 |
128 |
64 |
>16 |
>8 |
<0.063 |
1 |
>64 |
| AmpC, n = 21 | |||||||||||||||||||
| MIC50 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 16 | 16 | 64 | >32 | >32 | 32 | 16 | 2 | 4 | <0.063 | 2 | 4 | 1 | <0.063 | <0.063 | 0.5 | 4 |
| MIC90 | 1 | 1 | 32 | 16 | >64 | >32 | >32 | 32 | 32 | >8 | 8 | 0.25 | 128 | 16 | 16 | 0.25 | <0.063 | 1 | >64 |
*ESBL, extended spectrum β-lactamase; FEP, cefepime; FEP/CLA, cefepime/clavulanic acid; CTX, cefotaxime; CTX/CLA, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid; FOX, cefoxitin; CPD, cefpodoxime; CPD/CLA, cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid; CAZ, ceftazidime; CAZ/CLA, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid; ATM, aztreonam; TZP, piperacilin/tazobactam; CIP, ciprofloxacin; NAL, nalidixic acid; CHL, chloramphenicol; TET, tetracycline; TMP/SXT, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; MEM, meropenem; GEN, gentamicin; STR, streptomycin; ECOFF, epidemiologic cutoff value.
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