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Volume 21, Number 12—December 2015
Dispatch

Water as Source of Francisella tularensis Infection in Humans, Turkey

Selcuk Kilic1, Dawn N. Birdsell1, Alper Karagöz, Bekir Çelebi, Zekiye Bakkaloglu, Muzaffer Arikan, Jason W. Sahl, Cedar Mitchell, Andrew Rivera, Sara Maltinsky, Paul Keim, Duran Üstek, Rıza Durmaz, and David M. WagnerComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Public Health Institution of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey (S. Kilic, A. Karagöz, B. Çelebi, Z. Bakkaloglu, R. Durmaz); Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA (D.N. Birdsell, J.W. Sahl, C. Mitchell, A. Rivera, S. Maltinsky, P. Keim, D.M. Wagner); Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey (M. Arikan); Medipol University, Istanbul (D. Üstek)

Main Article

Figure 1

Phylogeography of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica. A) Global distribution of known phylogenetic groups determined on the basis of previous studies (2–4); enlarged map of Turkey shows locations of phylogenetic groups identified among the 40 samples positive for F. tularensis examined in this and previous studies (5). Circle size indicates number of samples (small circles, 1–3; medium circles, 4–6; large circles, 7–9). Colors of circles (human samples) and triangles (environmental samples

Figure 1. Phylogeography of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica. A) Global distribution of known phylogenetic groups determined on the basis of previous studies (2–4); enlarged map of Turkey shows locations of phylogenetic groups identified among the 40 samples positive for F. tularensis examined in this and previous studies (5). Circle size indicates number of samples (small circles, 1–3; medium circles, 4–6; large circles, 7–9). Colors of circles (human samples) and triangles (environmental samples) represent the phylogenetic subgroups to which these samples were assigned (see panel B). Subgroup B.16 (biovar japonica) is represented by the dot inside the brown circles and triangles. B) Phylogenetic tree for F. tularensis subsp. holarctica constructed on the basis of current canonical single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping. Red numbers indicate nomenclature of canonical single-nucleotide polymorphism groups. Terminal subgroups representing sequenced strains are shown as stars, and intervening nodes representing collapsed branches are indicated by circles. Countries of origin for samples assigned to relevant phylogenetic groups are as follows: AUT, Austria; CE, central Europe, unknown country; CHN, China; CZE, Czech Republic; DEU, Germany; FIN, Finland; GEO, Georgia; HUN, Hungary; ITA, Italy; NOR Norway; ROU, Romania; RUS, Russia; SWE, Sweden; TUR, Turkey; UKR, Ukraine; USA, United States. CHN* indicates approximate phylogenetic placement because of a lack of resolved information on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (4). TUR** indicates identification from a previous study (5).

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References
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1These authors contributed equally to this article.

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