Volume 21, Number 4—April 2015
Research
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection among Workers at Live Bird Markets, Bangladesh, 2009–2010
Table 3
Risks for testing seropositive or seroconverting against avian influenza A(H5N1) virus among live bird market workers, Bangladesh 2009–2010*
Characteristic/behavior |
Poultry workers |
Regression model |
||||
Seronegative, n = 272 |
Seropositive or seroconverted, n = 18 |
Simple RR (95% CI) |
Multiple RR (95% CI) |
p value† |
||
Median age, y (IQR) |
27 (23–38) |
27 (20–30) |
0.9 (0.9–1.0) |
0.9 (0.9–1.1) |
0.8 |
|
Risk behavior | ||||||
High exposure | 4.8 (0.8–28.2) | 7.6 (2.8–20.9) | <0.001 | |||
Feed poultry | 196 (72) | 17 (94) | ||||
Clean feeding tray | 156 (57) | 15 (83) | ||||
Clean water container | 155 (57) | 16 (89) | ||||
Clean feces from poultry pen | 125 (46) | 14 (78) | ||||
Do not wash hands after handling sick poultry | 133 (49) | 10 (56) | ||||
Medium exposure | 3.5 (0.8–14.7) | 5.1 (1.8–14.1) | 0.002 | |||
Slaughter poultry | 198 (73) | 17 (94) | ||||
Defeather poultry | 142 (52) | 15 (83) | ||||
Eviscerate poultry | 143 (53) | 15 (83) | ||||
Collect or transport poultry feces | 53 (19) | 1 (6) | ||||
Stuff poultry into bags | 113 (42) | 14 (78) | ||||
Low exposure | 1.0 (0.3–3.3) | – | – | |||
Smoke | 159 (58) | 7 (39) | ||||
Medicate poultry | 15 (6) | 2 (11) | ||||
Isolate sick poultry | 130 (48) | 10 (56) | ||||
Eat raw/undercooked poultry or eggs |
103 (38) |
6 (33) |
||||
Risk of infection from | ||||||
Medium-exposure behaviors when frequently performing both medium- and high-exposure behaviors‡ | – | – | – | 1.4 (0.3–6.2) | 0.6 | |
High-exposure behaviors when frequently performing both high- and medium-exposure behaviors‡ | – | – | – | 2.1 (0.4–12.9) | 0.4 |
*Data are no. (%) except as indicated. IQR, interquartile range; RR, risk ratio; –, not applicable.
†Value for multivariate model.
‡The ratio of RR for interaction between medium- and high-exposure behaviors was 0.3 (1.4/5.1 for medium-exposure behaviors and 2.1/7.6 for high-exposure behaviors (95% CI 0.08–0.88; p = 0.031).
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Page updated: March 17, 2015
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