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Volume 21, Number 4—April 2015
Letter

Co-infection with Avian (H7N9) and Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Viruses, China

Wanju Zhang1, Dongyi Zhu1, Di Tian1, Lei Xu, Zhaokui Zhu, Zheng Teng, Jing He, Shan Shan, Yi Liu, Wei Wang, Zhenghong Yuan, Tao RenComments to Author , and Yunwen HuComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (W. Zhang, D. Tian, L. Xu, J. He, Y. Liu, W. Wang, Z. Yuan, Y. Hu); East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai (D. Zhu, S. Shan, T. Ren); Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai (Z. Zhu, Z. Teng); Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai (Z. Yuan, Y. Hu)

Main Article

Figure

Phylogenetic analyses of A/Shanghai/Mix1/2014(H7N9) and A/Shanghai/Mix1/2014(H1N1) viruses from Shanghai, China, January 2014. A) Hemagglutinin and B) neuraminidase of A/Shanghai/Mix1/2014(H7N9); C) hemagglutinin and D) neuraminidase of A/Shanghai/Mix1/2014(H1N1). Multiple alignments were constructed by using the ClustalW (http://www.clustal.org/) algorithm based on the sequences of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes. Genetic distances were calculated by using the Kimura 2-parameter metho

Figure. Phylogenetic analyses of A/Shanghai/Mix1/2014(H7N9) and A/Shanghai/Mix1/2014(H1N1) viruses from Shanghai, China, January 2014. A) Hemagglutinin and B) neuraminidase of A/Shanghai/Mix1/2014(H7N9); C) hemagglutinin and D) neuraminidase of A/Shanghai/Mix1/2014(H1N1). Multiple alignments were constructed by using the ClustalW (http://www.clustal.org/) algorithm based on the sequences of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes. Genetic distances were calculated by using the Kimura 2-parameter method, and phylogenetic trees were constructed by using the neighbor-joining method with bootstrap analysis of 1,000 replicates in MEGA 5.1 (http://www.megasoftware.net). Horizontal distances are proportional to genetic distances. Numbers next to nodes indicate bootstrap value percentages (>70%). Circles indicate the A/Shanghai/Mix1/2014(H7N9) and A/Shanghai/Mix1/2014(H1N1) virus strains isolated from the co-infection patient from Shanghai, China. Triangles indicate the representative strains of the Shanghai area during the same period as the influenza (H7N9) outbreak in China. Squares indicate the representative strains of the Shanghai area during the same wave of the H7N9 outbreak in China. Scale bars indicate nucleotide substitutions per site. The Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data database or GenBank accession numbers of the influenza viruses used in the construction of the phylogenetic analyses are displayed in the phylogenetic trees, which follow the taxon names.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: March 17, 2015
Page updated: March 17, 2015
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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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