Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 21, Number 5—May 2015
Dispatch

Novel Eurasian Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A H5 Viruses in Wild Birds, Washington, USA, 2014

Hon S. Ip1, Mia Kim Torchetti1Comments to Author , Rocio Crespo, Paul Kohrs, Paul DeBruyn, Kristin G. Mansfield, Timothy Baszler, Lyndon Badcoe, Barbara Bodenstein, Valerie Shearn-Bochsler, Mary Lea Killian, Janice C. Pedersen, Nichole Hines, Thomas Gidlewski, Thomas J. DeLiberto, and Jonathan M. Sleeman
Author affiliations: US Geologic Survey–National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA (H.S. Ip, B. Bodenstein, V. Shearn-Bochsler, J.M. Sleeman); US Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA (M.K. Torchetti, M.L. Killian, J.C. Pedersen, N. Hines); Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (R. Crespo, T. Baszler); Washington Department of Agriculture, Olympia, Washington, USA (P. Kohrs, T. Baszler, L. Badcoe); Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia (P. DeBruyn, K.G. Mansfield); US Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (T. Gidlewski, T. DeLiberto)

Main Article

Figure 2

Phylogenetic comparison of the complete neuraminidase genes of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N2) (panel A) and A(H5N8) (panel B) strains from the United States with strains from Asia, Europe, and Canada. Solid circles indicate H5N2 and H5N8 strains from the United States; black triangle indicates H5N8 strain from a crane in Japan. Sequences were aligned by using MUSCLE, and phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses were conducted by using MEGA version 5, using the neighbor-joining

Figure 2. Phylogenetic comparison of the complete neuraminidase genes of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N2) (panel A) and A(H5N8) (panel B) strains from the United States with strains from Asia, Europe, and Canada. Solid circles indicate H5N2 and H5N8 strains from the United States; black triangle indicates H5N8 strain from a crane in Japan. Sequences were aligned by using MUSCLE, and phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses were conducted by using MEGA version 5, using the neighbor-joining tree-building method, with 1,000 bootstrap replicates (10). Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. Analysis was done with viruses that were phylogenetically representative of appropriate lineages (Influenza Virus Resource Database, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/FLU/FLU.html).

Main Article

References
  1. Kim  Y-L, Pascua  PNQ, Kwon  H-I, Lim  G-J, Kim  E-H, Yoon  S-W, Pathobiological features of a novel, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus. Emerging Microbes and Infections. 2014;3:e75.
  2. Lee  YJ, Kang  HM, Lee  EK, Song  BM, Jeong  J, Kwon  YK, Novel reassortant influenza A(H5N8) viruses, South Korea, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20:10879. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Jeong  J, Kang  HM, Lee  EK, Song  BM, Kwon  YK, Kim  HR, Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N8) in domestic poultry and its relationship with migratory birds in South Korea during 2014. Vet Microbiol. 2014;173:24957. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Zhao  K, Gu  M, Zhong  L, Duan  Z, Zhang  Y, Zhu  Y, Characterization of 3 H5N5 and one H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in China. Vet Microbiol. 2013;163:3517. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. World Organisation for Animal Health. Summary of immediate notifications and follow-ups–2014. Highly pathogenic avian influenza [cited 2014 Dec 14]. http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Diseaseinformation/Immsummary
  6. Kang  H-M, Lee  E-K, Song  B-M, Jeong  J, Choi  J-G, Jeong  J, Novel reassortant influenza A(H5N8) viruses among domestic and wild ducks, South Korea, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21:298304. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Olsen  B, Munster  VJ, Wallensten  A, Waldenstrom  J, Osterhaus  AD, Fouchier  RA. Global patterns of influenza a virus in wild birds. Science. 2006;312:3848. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Bevins  SN, Pedersen  K, Lutman  MW, Baroch  JA, Schmit  BS, Kohler  D, Large-scale avian influenza surveillance in wild birds throughout the United States. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e104360. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Avian influenza. Chapter 2.3.4. In: Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. Paris: The Organisation; 2014.
  10. Tamura  K, Peterson  D, Peterson  N, Stecher  G, Nei  M, Kumar  S. MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol. 2011;28:27319. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. The Scientific Task Force on Avian Influenza and Wild Birds. Statement on H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in poultry and wild birds [cited 2014 Dec 14]. http://www.ramsar.org/news/statement-on-h5n8-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-hpai-in-poultry-and-wild-birds
  12. United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety Inspection Service. Recently revised export requirements [cited 2015 Jan 13]. http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/international-affairs/exporting-products/export-library-requirements-by-country

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: April 19, 2015
Page updated: April 19, 2015
Page reviewed: April 19, 2015
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external