Volume 21, Number 7—July 2015
CME ACTIVITY - Synopsis
Disseminated Infections with Talaromyces marneffei in Non-AIDS Patients Given Monoclonal Antibodies against CD20 and Kinase Inhibitors
Table 2
Laboratory parameter | Case-patient 1 | Case-patient 2 | Case-patient 3 | Case-patient 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hematologic† | ||||
Leukocytes, x 109 cells/L | 12.08 | 0.91 | 4.93 | 33.79 |
Neutrophils, x 109 cells/L | 11.01 | 0.45 | 3.11 | 8.45 (with blasts) |
Lymphocytes, x 109 cells/L | 0.83 (CD4+: 315/µL)‡ | 0.45 | 1.05 | 9.12 (with blasts) |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.3 | 10.3 | 8.0 | 9.2 |
Platelets, x 109/L | 250 | 5 | 539 | 15 |
Biochemical† | ||||
Sodium, mmol/L | 136 | 135 | 139 | 138 |
Potassium, mmol/L | 3.5 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 4.4 |
Creatinine, µmol/L | 101 | 111 | 78 | 92 |
Albumin, g/L | 40 | 32 | 39 | 37 |
Globulin, g/L | 34 | 36 | 36 | 39 |
Total bilirubin, µmol/L | 8 | 9 | 13 | 19 |
ALP, U/L | 234 | 163 | 112 | 96 |
ALT, U/L | 79 | 20 | 32 | 61 |
AST, U/L | 38 | 9 | 28 | 123 |
LDH, U/L | 209 | 97 | 352 | 2,069 |
Immunologic | ||||
Combined HIV antibody/antigen | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative |
Autoantibody against IFN-γ | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative |
Microbiologic | ||||
Blood culture | No bacteria and fungi | T. marneffei; Mycobacterium chelonae, Enterococcus faecium, MRCNS, and Candida glabrata§ | Klebsiella pneumoniae§ | T. marneffei |
Bone marrow aspirate | ND | T. marrneffei | ND | ND |
Sputum culture | Negative for pathogenic bacteria, AFB, and fungi | Negative for pathogenic bacteria, AFB, and fungi | Negative for pathogenic bacteria, AFB, and fungi | Negative for pathogenic bacteria, AFB, and fungi |
Urine culture | No bacteria and fungi | No bacteria and fungi | No bacteria and fungi | No bacteria and fungi |
Stool culture | T. marneffei; negative for pathogenic bacteria, including Clostridium difficile and AFB | ND | ND | ND |
Serum CMV pp65 antigen | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative |
Other | Stool for C. difficile toxin (negative); serum for Entamoeba histolytica antibody (negative); multiple blood smears for Plasmodium sp. (negative) | BAL: Pneumocystis jiroveci (smear-positive) | Cervical lymph node: T. marneffei (culture-positive) |
*ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; MRCNS, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus; ND, not done; AFB, acid-fast bacilli; CMV, cytomegalovirus; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage. Reference ranges: leukocytes; 3.89–9.93 × 109 cells/L; neutrophils, 2.01–7.42 × 109 cells/L; lymphocytes, 1.06–3.61 × 109 cells/L; hemoglobin, 13.3–17.7g/dL; platelets, 162–341 × 109/L; sodium, 136–148 mmol/L; potassium, 3.6–5.0 mmol/L; creatinine, 67–109 µmol/L; albumin, 39–50 g/L; globulin, 24–37 g/L; total bilirubin, 4–23 µmol/L; ALP, 42–110 U/L; ALT, 8–58 U/L; AST, 5–38 U/L; LDH, 118–221 U/L.
†Results at presentation.
‡Reference range of CD4+ lymphocyte count: 415–1,418 cells/µL.
§Bacteremia caused by M. chelonae, E. faecium, MRCNS, and candidemia in case-patient 2, and bacteremia caused by K. pneumoniae in case-patient 3 occurred after recovery from T. marneffei infection and prolonged hospitalization.