Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015
THEME ISSUE
Emerging Infections Program
CME ACTIVITY - Research
Encephalitis Surveillance through the Emerging Infections Program, 1997–2010
Karen C. Bloch
and Carol A. Glaser
and Carol A. Glaser
Table 2
Core diagnostic testing algorithm for the Emerging Infections Program Encephalitis Project, 1997–2010*
| Pathogen | Specimen type | Test type | Seasonality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Viruses | |||
| Adenovirus | NP swab | PCR | Year-round |
| Arbovirus panel† | Serum | Serology | May–October |
| Enteroviruses | CSF | PCR | Year-round |
| NP swab | PCR | Year-round | |
| Rectal swab | PCR | Year-round | |
| Epstein-Barr virus | CSF | PCR | Year-round |
| Serum | Serology | Year-round | |
| Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 | CSF | PCR | Year-round |
| Human herpesvirus 6 | CSF | PCR | Year-round |
| Influenza virus A and B | NP swab | PCR | November–April |
| Parainfluenza virus 1–3 | NP swab | PCR | November–April |
| Rotavirus | Rectal swab | Antigen | November–April |
| Varicella zoster virus | CSF | PCR | Year-round |
| West Nile virus | CSF | Serology | May–October |
| Serum |
Serology |
May–October |
|
| Bacteria | |||
| Bartonella spp. | Serum | Serology | Year-round |
| Chlamydia pneumoniae | NP swab | PCR | Year-round |
| Ehrlichia spp. | Whole blood | PCR | May–October |
| Serum | Serology | May–October | |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | NP swab | PCR | Year-round |
| Serum | Serology | Year-round | |
| Rickettsia spp. | Serum | Serology | May–October |
| Treponema pallidum | CSF | VDRL | Year-round |
| Serum | RPR | Year-round |
*Diagnostic testing algorithm at the Tennessee site; regional differences and testing availability associated with minor variations in core testing at the California site. Additional supplementary testing was performed when indicated based on individualized epidemiologic, demographic, clinical, or radiographic features. CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; NP, nasopharyngeal; VDRL, venereal disease research laboratory test; RPR, rapid plasma reagin.
†Arbovirus panel included Lacrosse virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, and Eastern equine encephalitis virus.
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