Volume 22, Number 1—January 2016
CME ACTIVITY - Synopsis
Epidemiology of Haemophilus ducreyi Infections
Camila González-Beiras, Michael Marks, Cheng Y. Chen, Sally Roberts, and Oriol Mitjà
Table 1
Characteristics of 35 studies of genital ulcers caused by Haemophilus ducreyi, 1980–1999*
| Area, reference† | Country | Year of study | Diagnostic method | No. patients with GUD | No. cases H. ducreyi infection | % (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | ||||||
| Paz-Bailey et al. (16) | Botswana | 1993 | Culture | 108 | 27 | 25.0 (17.7–33.9) |
| Steen (17) | Côte d’Ivoire | 1996 | PCR | NA | NA | 47 |
| Mabey et al. (18) | Gambia | 1987 | Culture | 104 | 54 | 51.9 (42.4–61.2) |
| Hawkes et al. (19) | Gambia | 1995 | M-PCR | 18 | 8 | 44.4 (24.5–66.2) |
| Nsanze et al. (20) | Kenya | 1980 | Culture | 97 | 60 | 61.8 (51.9–70.9) |
| Kaul et al. (21) | Kenya | 1997 | Culture | 189 | 54 | 28.5 (22.6–35.3) |
| Morse et al. (22) | Lesotho | 1994 | M-PCR | 105 | 55 | 53.3 (43.8–62.6) |
| Harms et al. (23) | Madagascar | 1992 | Culture | 12 | 61 | 19.6 (11.6–31.3) |
| Behets et al. (24) | Madagascar | 1997 | M-PCR | 196 | 64 | 32.6 (26.4–39.5) |
| Behets et al. (25) | Malawi | 1995 | M-PCR | 778 | 204 | 26.2 (23.2–29.4) |
| Hoyo et al. (26) | Malawi | 1999 | M-PCR | 137 | 41 | 29.0 (22.8–38.0) |
| Bogaerts et al. (27) | Rwanda | 1992 | Culture | 395 | 115 | 29.1 (24.8–33.7) |
| Totten et al. (28) | Senegal | 1992 | PCR | 39 | 22 | 56.4 (40.9–70.7) |
| Crewe-Brown et al. (29) | South Africa | 1981 | Culture | 100 | 45 | 45 (35.5–54.7) |
| Dangor et al. (30) | South Africa | 1989 | Culture | 240 | 164 | 68.3 (62.2–73.8) |
| Cheng et al. (31) | South Africa | 1994 | M-PCR | 538 | 171 | 31.7 (27.9–35.8) |
| Lai et al. (32) | South Africa | 1994 | M-PCR | 160 | 232 | 68.9 (62.7–74.5) |
| South Africa | 1998 | M-PCR | 94 | 186 | 50.5 (43.4–57.6) | |
| Meheus et al. (33) | Swaziland | 1979 | Culture | 155 | 68 | 43.8 (36.3–51.7) |
| Ahmed et al. (34) | Tanzania | 1999 | PCR | 102 | 12 | 11.7 (6.8–19.4) |
| Le Bacq et al. (35) |
Zimbabwe |
1991 |
Culture |
90 |
22 |
24.4 (16.7–34.2) |
| Asia | ||||||
| Wang et al. (36) | China | 1999 | M-PCR | 96 | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–3.8) |
| Risbud et al. (37) | India | 1994 | M-PCR | 302 | 84 | 27.8 (23.0–33.1) |
| Rajan et al. (38) | Singapore | 1983 | Culture | 670 | 56 | 8·3 (6·4–10·7) |
| Beyrer et al. (15) |
Thailand |
1996 |
M-PCR |
38 |
0 |
0.0 (0.0–9.1) |
| North America | ||||||
| Dillon et al. (39) | United States | 1990 | Culture | 82 | 27 | 32.9 (23.7–43.6) |
| Mertz et al. (40) | United States | 1995 | M-PCR | 143 | 56 | 39.1 (231.5–47.3) |
| Mertz et al. (41) |
United States |
1996 |
M-PCR |
516 |
16 |
3.1 (1.9–4.9) |
| South America | ||||||
| Sanchez et al. (42) |
Peru |
1995 |
M-PCR |
61 |
3 |
4.9 (1.6–13.4) |
| Caribbean | ||||||
| Sanchez et al. (42) | Dominican Republic | 1996 | M-PCR | 81 | 21 | 25.9 (17.6–36.4) |
| Behets et al. (43) | Jamaica | 1996 | M-PCR | 304 | 72 | 23·6 (19.2–28.7) |
| Bauwens et al. (44) |
Bahamas |
1992 |
PCR |
47 |
7 |
14·8 (7.4–27.6) |
| Middle East | ||||||
| Madani et al. (45) |
Saudi Arabia |
1999 |
Culture |
3,679 |
78 |
2.1 (1.7–2.5) |
| Europe | ||||||
| Kyriakis et al. (46) | Greece | 1996 | Culture | 695 | 32 | 4.6 (3.2–6.4) |
| Bruisten et al. (47) | The Netherlands | 1996 | M-PCR | 368 | 3 | 0.8 (0.2–2.3) |
*GUD, genital ulcer disease; NA, not available; M-PCR, multiplex PCR.
†References 41–47 provided in the online Technical Appendix (http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/22/1/15-0425-Techapp1.pdf).
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