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Volume 22, Number 12—December 2016
Dispatch

Digital PCR for Quantifying Norovirus in Oysters Implicated in Outbreaks, France

David Polo, Julien Schaeffer, Nelly Fournet, Jean-Claude Le Saux, Sylvain Parnaudeau, Catherine McLeod, and Françoise S. Le GuyaderComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Ifremer, Nantes, France (D. Polo, J. Schaeffer, J.-C. Le Saux, S. Parnaudeau, F.S. Le Guyader); Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France (N. Fournet); Seafood Safety Assessment Ltd., Isle of Skye, Scotland, UK (C. McLeod)

Main Article

Table

Characteristics of outbreaks of norovirus infection associated with consumption of oysters, analyzed oyster samples, and virus concentrations obtained by digital PCR*

Outbreak no.
 Epidemiology information Sample no.
 Samples analyzed
Viral RNA copies/oyster
Date of consumption
 No. sick/
no. exposed
 Days to illness onset†
 Days to sampling‡
 Sample location§
 Genogroup GI
 Genogroup GII
1 2014 Feb 23 7/16 0.5 3486 4 Same batch ND 1.09 × 102
3488 7 Prod area ND ND
3489
 7
 Prod area
ND
 2.96 × 102
2
 2014 Feb 27
 3/4
 2
 3498
 5
 Same batch
ND
 3.72 × 102
3 2014 Mar 16 4/4 1 3519 2 Prod area ND 2.02 × 102
3517 5 Prod area ND 6.81 × 102
3518 2 Prod area 3.80 × 102 6.15 × 102
3531 15 Prod area 1.08 × 103 ND
3532
 15
 Prod area
3.88 × 102
 ND
4 2014 Dec 12 3/3 No data 3703 6 Same batch 1.18 × 102 ND
3694
 –4
 Prod area
ND
 1.70 × 102
5 2014 Dec 14 2/2 1.5 3704 3 Same batch ND 1.21 × 102
3705 3 Same batch 2.74 × 102 44.1
3695 –6 Prod area ND 43.2
3698 –6 Prod area 1.18 × 102 ND
3700
 –6
 Prod area
1.1 × 103
 9.50 × 102
6
 2014 Dec 27
 3/6
 0.5
 3733
 6
 Same batch
ND
 1.26 × 102
7 2015 Jan 9 3/4 1.5 3740 3 Same batch 9.20 × 102 ND
3738 –3 Prod area 1.17 × 103 ND
3739
 –3
 Prod area
6.38 × 102
 53.4
8 2015 Mar 29 16/36 2 3816 3 Consumed ND 82.1
3817 3 Same batch 1.85 × 102 ND
3791 –19 Prod area ND 1.87 × 102
3792 –19 Prod area 8.28 × 102 ND
3822 10 Prod area 1.28 × 102 ND

*ND, not detected; Prod, production.
†Median days to onset of vomiting or diarrhea.
‡Days from date of consumption to sample collection.
§Same batch = samples from batch of oysters consumed.

Main Article

Page created: November 18, 2016
Page updated: November 18, 2016
Page reviewed: November 18, 2016
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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