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Volume 22, Number 3—March 2016
Research

Use of Transnational Services to Prevent Treatment Interruption in Tuberculosis-Infected Persons Who Leave the United States

Cynthia A. TschamplComments to Author , Deborah W. Garnick, Edward Zuroweste, Moaven Razavi, and Donald S. Shepard
Author affiliations: Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA (C.A. Tschampl, D.W. Garnick, M. Razavi, D.S. Shepard); Migrant Clinicians Network, Austin, Texas, USA (E. Zuroweste)

Main Article

Table 2

Admissions, person-years, incident tuberculosis cases, and case rates stratified by visa group and tuberculosis burden level for persons temporarily in the United States, with authorization, 2008–2012*

Visa group†
Admissions (%)
PY (%)
Tuberculosis
Total no. cases (%)
No. cases/100,000 PY (95% CI)
No. cases/100,000 admissions (95% CI)
Tourist and business traveler 201,578,207 (25) 14,431,062 (47) 6,161 (48) 43 (36–49) 3 (3–4)
High-burden countries 13,858,503 (2) 1,277,466 (4) 2,614 (20) 205 (174–235) 19 (16–22)
Medium-burden countries 126,042,138 (15) 10,733,970 (35) 3,342 (26) 31 (26–36) 3 (2–3)
Low-burden countries
61,677,566 (8)
2,419,625 (8)
205 (2)
8 (7–10)
0
Student/exchange visitor‡ 9,417,888 (1) 6,293,260 (21) 3,675 (28) 58 (50–67) 39 (33–45)
High-burden countries 1,862,032 1,244,255 (4) 2,040 (16) 164 (139–189) 110 (93–126)
Medium-burden countries 4,932,913 (1) 3,296,292 (11) 1,516 (12) 46 (39–53) 31 (26–35)
Low-burden countries
2,622,943
1,752,714 (6)
118 (1)
6 (5–7)
5 (4–5)
Temporary worker‡ 12,904,847 (2) 4,948,262 (16) 2,319 (18) 47 (40–54) 18 (15–21)
High-burden countries 2,154,566 826,151 (3) 1,604 (12) 194 (165–223) 74 (63–86)
Medium-burden countries 5,252,984 (1) 2,014,215 (7) 587 (5) 29 (25–34) 11 (10–13)
Low-burden countries
5,497,297 (1)
2,107,895 (7)
128 (1)
6 (5–7)
2 (2–3)
Diplomat and other representative‡ 1,761,901 381,343 (1) 243 (2) 64 (54–73) 14 (12–16)
High-burden countries 332,182 71,897 167 (1) 232 (198–267) 50 (43–58)
Medium-burden countries 819,393 177,348 (1) 66 (1) 37 (31–42) 8 (7–9)
Low-burden countries
610,326
132,098
10
8 (7–9)
2 (1–2)
All other classes 2,267,465 119,836 107 (1) 90 (76–103) 5 (4–5)
High-burden countries 905,522 38,206 89 (1) 232 (197–267) 10 (8–11)
Medium-burden countries 1,107,955 46,747 18 38 (32–44) 2 (1–2)
Low-burden countries
253,988
34,884
0.8
2 (2–3)
0
Unknown visa class 1,123,438 90,579 52 57 (49–66) 5 (4–5)
High-burden countries 71,316 6,643 16 236 (200–271) 22 (19–25)
Medium-burden countries 792,676 73,838 35 47 (40–54) 4 (4–5)
Low-burden countries
259,446
10,098
2
17 (14–20)
1 (1–1)
Canada and Mexico nonimmigrant without I-94 card
592,645,430 (72)
4,266,235 (14)
371 (3)
9 (7–10)
0
Total
821,699,176
30,530,577
12,928
NA
NA
Annual average 164,339,835 6,106,115 2,586 NA NA

*I-94 card, the entry/exit form that all nonimmigrant visitors (except certain ones from Mexico and Canada) must fill out; NA, not applicable; PY, person-years. US, United States.
†High-burden countries were defined as having >100 TB incident cases/100,000 PY; medium-burden countries were defined as having 15–99 cases/100,000 PY, and low-burden countries were defined as having 0–14 cases/100,000 PY.
‡Corresponding spouses and children are also included in each of these categories; see Technical Appendix Table 1 for full list of visas included in each subgroup.

Main Article

1Preliminary results from this study were presented at the joint The Union–North America Region and the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association meeting, February 24–27, 2016, Denver, Colorado, USA.

Page created: February 18, 2016
Page updated: February 18, 2016
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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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