Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 22, Number 3—March 2016
Research

Use of Transnational Services to Prevent Treatment Interruption in Tuberculosis-Infected Persons Who Leave the United States

Cynthia A. TschamplComments to Author , Deborah W. Garnick, Edward Zuroweste, Moaven Razavi, and Donald S. Shepard
Author affiliations: Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA (C.A. Tschampl, D.W. Garnick, M. Razavi, D.S. Shepard); Migrant Clinicians Network, Austin, Texas, USA (E. Zuroweste)

Main Article

Table 4

Estimated number of persons with tuberculosis referred for transnational care–continuity services to prevent treatment interruption due to voluntary or involuntary departure from the United States, 2008–2012

Variable Total no. estimated cases among study population* No. cases managed by CureTB† No. cases managed by Health Network
Year
2008 2,659 90 106
2009 2,430 111 95
2010 2,853 108 109
2011 3,099 111 134
2012
 3,094
 90
 155
Annual average (% referred)
 2,827 (8)
 102
 120
Total incident cases from detained and removed subgroup (% referred)
 928 (67)
 180
 442
Annual average for subgroup 186 36 88

*Study population was defined as nonimmigrants, nonrefugees who were born outside of the United States, had active tuberculosis while in the United States, and then left the United States before treatment completion was possible.
†Numbers for 2008 and 2009 were extrapolated by using previously reported data from 2010–2012 (27,28).

Main Article

References
  1. Marks  SM, Flood  J, Seaworth  B, Hirsch-Moverman  Y, Armstrong  L, Mase  S, Treatment practices, outcomes, and costs of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, United States, 2005–2007. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20:812–21.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Shin  SS, Furin  JJ, Alcantara  F, Bayona  J, Sanchez  E, Mitnick  CD. Long-term follow-up for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:687–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Castro  KG, LoBue  P. Bridging implementation, knowledge, and ambition gaps to eliminate tuberculosis in the United States and globally. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17:337–42. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Zumla  A, Abubakar  I, Raviglione  M, Hoelscher  M, Ditiu  L, Mchugh  TD, Drug-resistant tuberculosis—current dilemmas, unanswered questions, challenges, and priority needs. J Infect Dis. 2012;205(Suppl 2):S228–40. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Abarca Tomás  B, Pell  C, Bueno Cavanillas  A, Guillén Solvas  J, Pool  R, Roura  M. Tuberculosis in migrant populations. A systematic review of the qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e82440. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Dhavan  P, Mosca  D. Tuberculosis and migration: a post-2015 call for action. Migration Policy Practice Journal. 2014;IV:17–22 [cited 2014 Nov 10]. http://www.iom.int/files/live/sites/iom/files/What-We-Do/docs/MPP15_TB.pdf
  7. Pareek  M, Baussano  I, Abubakar  I, Dye  C, Lalvani  A. Evaluation of immigrant tuberculosis screening in industrialized countries. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18:1422–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Reported tuberculosis in the United States, 2012. 2013 [cited 2014 Nov 17]. http://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/reports/2012/pdf/report2012.pdf
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Post-detention completion of tuberculosis treatment for persons deported or released from the custody of the Immigration and Naturalization Service—United States, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003;52:438–41 .PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. World Health Organization. Tuberculosis (TB). 2014 [cited 2014 Jan 1]. http://www.who.int/tb/country/data/download/en/index.html
  11. Liu  Y, Painter  JA, Posey  DL, Cain  KP, Weinberg  MS, Maloney  SA, Estimating the impact of newly arrived foreign-born persons on tuberculosis in the United States. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e32158. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. US Department of Homeland Security. 2012 yearbook of immigration statistics. 2013 Jul [cited 2014 Nov 17]. http://www.dhs.gov/publication/yearbook-2012
  13. Grieco  EM. Length of visit of nonimmigrants departing the United States in 2003. 2005 [cited 2014 Oct 5]. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/LengthVstNonim2003.pdf
  14. Grieco  EM. Estimates of the nonimmigrant population in the United States: 2004. 2006 [cited 2014 Oct 5]. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/NIM_2004.pdf
  15. United States Department of State. U.S. visas: Nonimmigrant visa statistics. 2014 [cited 2014 Aug 21]. https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/visas/Statistics/Non-Immigrant-Statistics/NIVDetailTables/FY14NIVDetailTable.xls</eref>
  16. United States Department of Homeland Security. Immigration statistics publications. Annual reports: immigration enforcement actions, 2008–2012 [cited 2014 Oct 5]. http://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics-publications
  17. Schneider  DL, Lobato  MN. Tuberculosis control among people in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody. Am J Prev Med. 2007;33:9–14. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Passel  JS, Cohn  DV, Gonzalez-Barrera  A. Net migration from Mexico falls to zero—and perhaps less. 2012 Apr 23 [cited 2014 Nov 17]. http://www.pewhispanic.org/files/2012/04/Mexican-migrants-report_final.pdf
  19. BBVA Economic Studies Service (Mexico). Migration situation in Mexico [in Spanish]. 2012 Jul [cited 2014 Sept 4]. https://www.bbvaresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/migrados/1207_SitMigracionMexico_Jul12_tcm346-344007.pdf
  20. Zuroweste  E. TBNet stats 2005–2012. Presented at: Annual Meeting of the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association; 2014 Jun 11–14; Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  21. Vera-Garcia  C. Managing cases across borders: US, Mexico and Central America. Presented at: 18th Annual Conference, International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease–North America Region; 2014 Feb 26–Mar 1; Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  22. Cain  KP, Haley  CA, Armstrong  LR, Garman  KN, Wells  CD, Iademarco  MF, Tuberculosis among foreign-born persons in the United States: achieving tuberculosis elimination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175:75–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. Walter  ND, Painter  J, Parker  M, Lowenthal  P, Flood  J, Fu  Y, Persistent latent tuberculosis reactivation risk in United States immigrants. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189:88–95 .PubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2013. 2013 Nov [cited 2014 Nov 17]. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/137094/1/9789241564809_eng.pdf?ua=1
  25. Bojorquez  I, Aguilera  R, Ramírez  J, Cerecero  D, Mejía  S. Common mental disorders at the time of deportation: a survey at the Mexico–United States border. J Immigr Minor Health. 2015;17:1732–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. Rosales  C, Ortega  MI, De Zapien  JG, Paniagua  ADC, Zapien  A, Ingram  M, The US/Mexico border: A binational approach to framing challenges and constructing solutions for improving farmworkers’ lives. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012;9:2159–74. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. Combellick  J, Zuroweste  E, Gany  FM. TBNet: the impact of an innovative public–private intervention on tuberculosis control among an internationally mobile population. J Immigr Refug Stud. 2011;9:229–41. DOIGoogle Scholar
  28. Moser  K. CureTB: CureTB US/Mexico tuberculosis referral and information program. Presented at: 16th Annual Conference, International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease–North America Region; 2012 Feb 22–25; San Antonio, Texas, USA.
  29. Zumla  A, Raviglione  M, Hafner  R, Fordham von Reyn  C. Tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:745–55. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Jack  W. The public economics of tuberculosis control. Health Policy. 2001;57:79–96 and. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. Walker  TM, Ip  CLC, Harrell  R, Evans  J, Kapatai  G, Dedicoat  M, Whole-genome sequencing to delineate Mycobacterium tuberculosis outbreaks: a retrospective observational study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13:137–46. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. Garcia  D, Wares  F, Zuroweste  E, Guerin  P. Tuberculosis and migration. In: Schaaf HS, Zumla AI, editors. Tuberculosis: a comprehensive clinical reference. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2009. p. 892–900.
  33. Alvarez  GG, Gushulak  B, Rumman  KA, Altpeter  E, Chemtob  D, Douglas  P, A comparative examination of tuberculosis immigration medical screening programs from selected countries with high immigration and low tuberculosis incidence rates. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:3. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC tuberculosis surveillance data training. Report of verified case of tuberculosis. Instruction manual. 2010 [cited 2014 Oct. 5]. http://www.cdc.gov/TB/programs/rvct/InstructionManual.pdf
  35. Heldal  E, Kuyvenhoven  JV, Wares  F, Migliori  GB, Ditiu  L, Fernandez de la Hoz  K, Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in undocumented migrants in low- or intermediate-incidence countries. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2008;12:878–88 .PubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. Weis  SE, Moonan  PK, Pogoda  JM, Turk  LE, King  B, Freeman-Thompson  S, Tuberculosis in the foreign-born population of Tarrant County, Texas by immigration status. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:953–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  37. Liu  Y, Weinberg  MS, Ortega  LS, Painter  JA, Maloney  SA. Overseas screening for tuberculosis in U.S.-bound immigrants and refugees. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:2406–15. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. Vargas Bustamante  A, Fang  H, Garza  J, Carter-Pokras  O, Wallace  S, Rizzo  J, Variations in healthcare access and utilization among Mexican immigrants: The role of documentation status. J Immigr Minor Health. 2012;14:146–55. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. World Health Organization. Assessing tuberculosis under-reporting through inventory studies. 2012 [cited 2014 Nov 17]. http://www.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/78073/1/9789241504942_eng.pdf?ua=1
  40. Schwartzman  K, Oxlade  O, Barr  RG, Grimard  F, Acosta  I, Baez  J, Domestic returns from investment in the control of tuberculosis in other countries. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1008–20. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

1Preliminary results from this study were presented at the joint The Union–North America Region and the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association meeting, February 24–27, 2016, Denver, Colorado, USA.

Page created: February 18, 2016
Page updated: February 18, 2016
Page reviewed: February 18, 2016
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external