Volume 23, Number 1—January 2017
Dispatch
Increased Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, North East England, UK
Table 2
Trends in incidence of serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease in North East England, April 2013–March 2016*
Serotype group, serotype | IRR (95% CI)†| p value†|
---|---|---|
PPV23–13 | ||
8 | 1.18 (1.08–1.29) | <0.001 |
9N | 1.19 (1.04–1.36) | 0.009 |
10A | 1.07 (0.89–1.29) | 0.465 |
11A | 1.03 (0.92–1.15) | 0.617 |
12F | 1.28 (1.20–1.36) | <0.001 |
15B/C‡ | 1.29 (0.99–1.69) | 0.061 |
17F | 0.84 (0.65–1.09) | 0.188 |
20 | 1.12 (0.96–1.31) | 0.148 |
22F | 1.04 (0.95–1.13) | 0.421 |
33F |
1.17 (1.00–1.38) |
0.051 |
NVT§ | ||
6C | 1.00 (0.91–1.10) | 0.958 |
15A | 1.13 (1.07–1.19) | <0.001 |
16F | 0.99 (0.85–1.15) | 0.924 |
23A | 1.15 (1.06–1.24) | <0.001 |
23B | 1.06 (0.81–1.40) | 0.657 |
24F | 1.03 (0.91–1.17) | 0.645 |
31 | 1.03 (0.92–1.16) | 0.591 |
35B | 1.12 (0.92–1.37) | 0.256 |
35F | 1.23 (1.06–1.44) | 0.008 |
38 | 0.84 (0.61–1.15) | 0.279 |
*Boldface indicates significance. IRR, incidence rate ratio; PPV23–13, 23–valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine serotype cases, excluding those also contained in the 13–valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; NVT, nonvaccine type serotype cases.
†Increase in IRR per calendar quarter, estimated by using negative binomial regression, with counts per calendar quarter (from April 1–June 30, 2013 (Quarter 2) to January 1–March 31, 2016 (Quarter 1), robust standard errors and offset with the natural logarithm of the North East England population (10).
‡Includes 15B and 15B/C but excludes 15C serotypes as determined by the Public Health England Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit.
§NVT serotypes reported more than once in the epidemiologic year 2015–2016.
References
- Department of Health. Immunisation against infectious disease. The Green Book. 2012;25:295–313 [cited 2016 May 31]. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/147832/Green-Book-updated-140313.pdf
- Health & Social Care Information Centre. NHS Immunisation Statistics, England: 2014–2015 [cited 2016 Jul 19]. http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB18472
- Public Health England. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV): vaccine coverage estimates [cited 2016 Jul 19]. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/pneumococcal-polysaccharide-vaccine-ppv-vaccine-coverage-estimates
- Moore MR, Link-Gelles R, Schaffner W, Lynfield R, Lexau C, Bennett NM, et al. Effect of use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children on invasive pneumococcal disease in children and adults in the USA: analysis of multisite, population-based surveillance. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15:301–9. DOIPubMed
- Hughes GJ, Wright LB, Chapman KE, Wilson D, Gorton R. Serotype-specific differences in short- and longer-term mortality following invasive pneumococcal disease. Epidemiol Infect. 2016;144:2654–69. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268816000856PubMed
- Office for National Statistics. Annual mid-year population estimates: 2014 [cited 2015 May 3]. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/2015-06-25
- Public Health England. Pneumococcal disease: guidance, data and analysis [cited 2016 May 31] https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/pneumococcal-disease-guidance-data-and-analysis
1These authors were co-principal investigators.