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Volume 23, Number 12—December 2017
Research Letter

New Avian Hepadnavirus in Palaeognathous Bird, Germany

Wendy K. Jo1, Vanessa M. Pfankuche1, Henning Petersen, Samuel Frei, Maya Kummrow, Stephan Lorenzen, Martin Ludlow, Julia Metzger, Wolfgang Baumgärtner, Albert Osterhaus, and Erhard van der VriesComments to Author 
Author affiliations: University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany (W.K. Jo, V.M. Pfankuche, H. Petersen, M. Ludlow, J. Metzger, W. Baumgärtner, A. Osterhaus, E. van der Vries); Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover (W.K. Jo, V.M. Pfankuche, W. Baumgärtner, A. Osterhaus); Wuppertal Zoo, Wuppertal, Germany (S. Frei, M. Kummrow); Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg (S. Lorenzen); Artemis One Health, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A. Osterhaus)

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Figure

Phylogenetic and histopathologic analysis of probable new avian hepadnavirus, elegant-crested tinamou hepatitis B virus (ETHBV), Germany. A) Bayesian phylogeny of virus isolated from an elegant-crested tinamou (Eudromia elegans) compared with reference viruses. Tree was created on the basis of full-genome sequences from the family Hepadnaviridae. The analysis was run for 4 million generations and sampled every 100 steps, and the first 25% of samples were discarded as burn-in in MrBayes (9). Hase

Figure. Phylogenetic and histopathologic analysis of probable new avian hepadnavirus, elegant-crested tinamou hepatitis B virus (ETHBV), Germany. A) Bayesian phylogeny of virus isolated from an elegant-crested tinamou (Eudromia elegans) compared with reference viruses. Tree was created on the basis of full-genome sequences from the family Hepadnaviridae. The analysis was run for 4 million generations and sampled every 100 steps, and the first 25% of samples were discarded as burn-in in MrBayes (7). Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano nucleotide substitution model was selected as best-fit model according to Bayesian information criteria. Posterior probabilities are shown in Technical Appendixhttps://wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/23/12/16-1634-F1.htm). B) ETHBV-specific RNA (in red; Fast Red) localized within hepatocytes of the liver tissue of an elegant-crested tinamou embryo by in situ hybridization (Technical Appendix). Positive signal is enhanced in hepatocytes localized close to the vessels and negative in endothelial cells. Nonprobe incubation of the tinamou and liver tissue from a pheasant were used as negative controls. Scale bar indicates 40 μm.

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1These authors contributed equally to this article.

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