Volume 23, Number 12—December 2017
Research
Multiple Reassorted Viruses as Cause of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus Epidemic, the Netherlands, 2016
Nancy Beerens
, Rene Heutink, Saskia A. Bergervoet, Frank Harders, Alex Bossers, and Guus Koch
, Rene Heutink, Saskia A. Bergervoet, Frank Harders, Alex Bossers, and Guus Koch
Table
tMRCA of 8 gene segments of highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus subtype H5N8 in the Netherlands, determined by using a relaxed clock, with 95% HPD and posterior values*
| Gene segment and node† | tMRCA | 95% HPD interval |
Posterior | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Begin | End | |||
| Polymerase basic 2 | ||||
| 1 | 2005 Jul 21 | 1999 Apr 21 | 2011 Aug 2 | 1.00000 |
| 2 | 2015 Apr 13 | 2014 Aug 19 | 2015 Dec 23 | 1.00000 |
| 3 |
2016 Jul 2 |
2016 Apr 29 |
2016 Sep 6 |
1.00000 |
| Polymerase basic 1 | ||||
| 1 | 2009 Feb 23 | 2006 Jun 27 | 2011 Feb 16 | 1.00000 |
| 2 | 2015 Dec 15 | 2015 Sep 12 | 2016 Mar 11 | 1.00000 |
| 3 |
2016 Aug 18 |
2016 Jul 3 |
2016 Sep 29 |
0.99610 |
| Polymerase acidic | ||||
| 1 | 2003 Jan 23 | 1998 Jun 20 | 2006 Nov 20 | 1.00000 |
| 2 | 2007 May 19 | 2005 Mar 31 | 2009 Jun 15 | 0.99070 |
| 3 | 2010 Jul 6 | 2009 Jul 20 | 2011 May 2 | 1.00000 |
| 4 | 2016 Apr 26 | 2016 Jan 10 | 2016 Jul 26 | 1.00000 |
| 5 |
2016 Aug 25 |
2016 Jun 23 |
2016 Oct 17 |
1.00000 |
| Hemagglutinin | ||||
| 1 | 2012 Apr 6 | 2010 Nov 14 | 2013 Jul 4 | 1.00000 |
| 2 | 2016 Mar 11 | 2016 Jan 15 | 2016 Apr 30 | 0.99420 |
| 3 |
2016 Aug 23 |
2016 Apr 8 |
2016 Aug 15 |
0.99989 |
| Nucleoprotein | ||||
| 1 | 2012 Jun 6 | 2010 Aug 16 | 2013 Aug 30 | 1.00000 |
| 2 | 2015 Apr 15 | 2014 Sep 11 | 2015 Dec 5 | 1.00000 |
| 3 |
2016 Aug 20 |
2016 Jun 28 |
2016 Oct 12 |
1.00000 |
| Neuraminidase (N8) | ||||
| 1 | 2011 Sep 5 | 2002 Nov 5 | 2013 Dec 24 | 1.00000 |
| 2 | 2016 Apr 14 | 2016 Mar 3 | 2016 May 14 | 0.91980 |
| 3 |
2016 Aug 31 |
2016 Jul 18 |
2016 Oct 8 |
0.76560 |
| Matrix protein | ||||
| 1 | 2011 Aug 29 | 2008 Sep 21 | 2013 Aug 21 | 1.00000 |
| 2 | 2015 Dec 9 | 2015 Jul 30 | 2016 Mar 16 | 1.00000 |
| 3 |
2016 Sep 9 |
2016 Jul 25 |
2016 Oct 16 |
0.97360 |
| Nonstructural protein | ||||
| 1 | 2010 May 17 | 2007 Jan 4 | 2012 Dec 7 | 1.00000 |
| 2 | 2015 Dec 9 | 2015 Jul 30 | 2016 Mar 18 | 1.00000 |
| 3 |
2016 Aug 23 |
2016 Jul 6 |
2016 Oct 2 |
0.99630 |
| Neuraminidase (N5) | ||||
| A | 1989 May 28 | 1983 Apr 24 | 1994 Apr 30 | 0.43740 |
| B | 2014 Apr 1 | 2012 Nov 27 | 2015 Apr 5 | 1.00000 |
| C | 2015 Jan 4 | 2013 Aug 11 | 2016 Jan 18 | 1.00000 |
| D | 2005 Sep 15 | 2004 Feb 13 | 2006 Nov 28 | 1.00000 |
*HPD, highest posterior density; tMRCA, calculated time of most recent common ancestor.
†Nodes of the time-scaled phylogenetic tree are shown in Figure 4 and Technical Appendix 2 Figure 3.
Page created: November 16, 2017
Page updated: November 16, 2017
Page reviewed: November 16, 2017
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