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Volume 23, Number 4—April 2017
Dispatch

Characterization of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A(H5N6), Japan, November 2016

Masatoshi Okamatsu1, Makoto Ozawa1, Kosuke Soda1, Hiroki Takakuwa1, Atsushi Haga, Takahiro Hiono, Aya Matsuu, Yuko Uchida, Ritsuko Iwata, Keita Matsuno, Masakazu Kuwahara, Toshiyo Yabuta, Tatsufumi Usui, Hiroshi Ito, Manabu Onuma, Yoshihiro SakodaComments to Author , Takehiko Saito, Koichi Otsuki, Toshihiro Ito, and Hiroshi Kida
Author affiliations: Hokkaido University, Sapporo Japan (M. Okamatsu, T. Hiono, K. Matsuno, Y. Sakoda, H. Kida); Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (M. Ozawa, A. Matsuu); University, Yamaguchi, Japan (M. Ozawa, A. Matsuu); Tottori University, Tottori, Japan (K. Soda, T. Usui, H. Ito, K. Otsuki, T. Ito); Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan (H. Takakuwa, T. Yabuta, K. Otsuki); Matsuoka Research Institute for Science, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan (M. Kuwahara); National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba (Y. Uchida, T. Saito); National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (A. Haga, R. Iwata, M. Onuma)

Main Article

Figure 2

Phylogenetic trees of the HA and NA gene segments of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A(H5N6) isolated in Japan. The nucleotide sequences of the H5 HA (A) and N6 NA (B) genes were analyzed by the maximum-likelihood method along with the corresponding genes of reference strains using MEGA 7.0 software (http://www.megasoftware.net/). Horizontal distances are proportional to the minimum number of nucleotide differences required to join nodes and sequences. Numbers at the nodes indicate the p

Figure 2. Phylogenetic trees of the HA and NA gene segments of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A(H5N6) isolated in Japan. The nucleotide sequences of the H5 HA (A) and N6 NA (B) genes were analyzed by the maximum-likelihood method along with the corresponding genes of reference strains using MEGA 7.0 software (http://www.megasoftware.net/). Horizontal distances are proportional to the minimum number of nucleotide differences required to join nodes and sequences. Numbers at the nodes indicate the probability of confidence levels in a bootstrap analysis with 1,000 replications. Gray indicates viruses isolated in this study; underlining indicates viruses isolated in humans. The H5 HA gene sequences are classified into genetic clades as defined by Lee et al. (9). Scale bars indicate nucleotide substitutions per site. HA, hemagglutinin; NA, neuraminidase.

Main Article

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1These authors contributed equally to this article.

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