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Volume 23, Number 8—August 2017
CME ACTIVITY - Research

Human Metapneumovirus and Other Respiratory Viral Infections during Pregnancy and Birth, Nepal

Jennifer L. Lenahan, Janet A. Englund, Joanne Katz, Jane Kuypers, Anna Wald, Amalia Magaret, James M. Tielsch, Subarna K. Khatry, Stephen C. LeClerq, Laxman Shrestha, Mark C. Steinhoff, and Helen Y. ChuComments to Author 
Author affiliations: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (J.L. Lenahan, J.A. Englund, J. Kuypers, A. Wald, A. Magaret, H.Y. Chu); Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle (J.L. Lenahan, J.A. Englund, H.Y. Chu); Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (J. Katz, S.C. LeClerq); George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA (J.M. Tielsch); Nepal Nutritional Intervention Project, Kathmandu, Nepal (S.K. Khatry, S.C. LeClerq); Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu (L. Shrestha); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA (M.C. Steinhoff)

Main Article

Table 2

Demographic characteristics and bivariate RR estimates for HMPV infection among pregnant and postpartum women in Sarlahi, Nepal, April 2011–September 2013*

Characteristic HMPV-positive, n = 55 HMPV-negative, n = 3,638 RR (95% CI) p value
Age at enrollment, y, median (IQR) 22 (20–25) 23 (20–26) 1.0 (0.9–1.1) 0.96
Smoking† 3 (5) 108 (3) 0.6 (0.0–37.9) 0.83
BMI at enrollment, median (IQR)
 20 (18–22)
 21 (19–28)
 1.0 (0.8, 1.2)
 0.66
Ethnic group
Pahadi 30 (56) 1,997 (57) Ref
Madeshi
 24 (44)
 1,503 (43)
 1.0 (0.4–3.3)
 0.89
Caste
Brahmin 3 (5) 377 (11) 0.5 (0.0–5.4) 0.56
Chhetri 5 (9) 445 (13) Ref (combined)
Vaiysha 30 (56) 1,933 (55)
Shudra 11 (20) 452 (13)
Muslim
 4 (7)
 284 (8)
Household size, median (IQR)
Children <5 y of age 1 (0–1) 0 (0–1) 1.3 (0.7–2.4) 0.41
Density‡
 3 (2–6)
 3 (2–4)
 1.1 (0.9–1.3)
 0.20
Education, y, median (IQR) 0 (0–8) 5 (0–10) 0.9 (0.8–1.1) 0.22
Literacy 25 (50) 1,991 (60) 0.6 (0.2–2.2) 0.46

*Values are no. (%) patients except as indicated. BMI, body mass index; HMPV, human metapneumovirus; IQR, interquartile range: Ref, referent; RR, relative risk.
†Defined as smoking at enrollment.
‡Defined as persons/room.

Main Article

Page created: July 11, 2017
Page updated: July 13, 2017
Page reviewed: July 13, 2017
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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