Table 2

Convergence of Humans, Bats, Trees, and Culture in Nipah Virus Transmission, Bangladesh

Emily S. Gurley¹

, Sonia T. Hegde², Kamal Hossain, Hossain M.S. Sazzad, M. Jahangir Hossain³, Mahmudur Rahman, M.A. Yushuf Sharker⁴, Henrik Salje, M. Saiful Islam, Jonathan H. Epstein, Salah U. Khan, A. Marm Kilpatrick, Peter Daszak, and Stephen P. Luby

Author affiliations: icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh (E.S. Gurley, S.T. Hegde, K. Hossain, H.M.S. Sazzad, M.J. Hossain, M.A. Yushuf Sharker, M.S. Islam, S.U. Khan, S.P. Luby); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.T. Hegde, S.P. Luby); Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh, Dhaka (M. Rahman); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (H. Salje); Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (H. Salje); EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, USA (J.H. Epstein, P. Daszak); University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (S.U. Khan); University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA (A.M. Kilpatrick); Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (S.P. Luby)

Main Article

Odds ratios from logistic regression models estimating associations between village characteristics and Nipah virus spillovers, Bangladesh, 2011–2013*

Characteristic	OR (95% CI) for villages with NiV infections vs. nearby control villages	p value	OR (95% CI) for villages with NiV infections vs. distant control villages	p value
Per each order of magnitude increase in no. persons in village	1.36 (0.90–2.07)	0.14	1.57 (0.90–2.6)	0.12
Per each order of magnitude increase in no. bats <5 km from village	1.00 (0.86–1.16)	0.97	1.18 (1.02–1.37)	0.029
Per each order of magnitude increase in no. date palm sap trees <5 km from village	0.75 (0.49–1.12)	0.16	.69 (0.45–1.04)	0.078
Per each 10% increase in households reporting that someone consumed raw date palm sap during the harvest season	6.39 (1.61–25.40)	0.008	26.97 (5.98–121.67)	<0.001
Per each 1% increase in villages reporting that someone hunts bats	NA	NA	1.80 (0.80–4.06)	0.16

*CIs were calculated by using robust variance. NA, not applicable; NiV, Nipah virus; OR, odds ratio.

Main Article

¹Current affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

²Current affiliation: University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

³Current affiliation: Medical Research Council, Banjul, The Gambia.

⁴Current affiliation: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Page created: August 14, 2017

Page updated: August 14, 2017

Page reviewed: August 14, 2017

The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.