Changing Geographic Patterns and Risk Factors for Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Infections in Humans, China
Jean Artois
1, Hui Jiang
1, Xiling Wang, Ying Qin, Morgan Pearcy, Shengjie Lai, Yujing Shi, Juanjuan Zhang, Zhibin Peng, Jiandong Zheng, Yangni He, Madhur S. Dhingra, Sophie von Dobschuetz, Fusheng Guo, Vincent Martin, Wantanee Kalpravidh, Filip Claes, Timothy Robinson, Simon I. Hay, Xiangming Xiao, Luzhao Feng, Sheng Wei
, and Hongjie Yu
Author affiliations: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (J. Artois, M. Pearcy, M.S. Dhingra, M. Gilbert); Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (H. Jiang, Y. Qin, S. Lai, Y. Shi, Z. Peng, J. Zheng, L. Feng, H. Yu); Fudan University School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China (X. Wang, S. Lai, J. Zhang, Y. He, X. Xiao, H. Yu); Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels, Belgium (M. Pearcy, M. Gilbert); University of Southampton, Southampton, UK (S. Lai); Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy (M.S. Dhingra, S. von Dobschuetz, T. Robinson); Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand (F. Guo, W. Kalpravidh, F. Claes); Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations China Office, Beijing (V. Martin); University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (S.I. Hay); University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (S.I. Hay); University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA (X. Xiao)
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Figure 2
Figure 2. Distribution of predictor variables and influenza A(H7N9) infections in China, with 3 geographic extents: smallest extent around the location of human cases (top), Guangdong Province (bottom left), and Yangtze River Delta (bottom right). A) Visualization of poultry density (red), live-poultry market density (green), and chicken-to-duck ratio (blue). Dark areas correspond to low values and light areas to high values in all 3 predictors. B) Number of years with >1 human case per county. C) Distribution of the fifth wave of human infections compared with previous waves.
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