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Volume 24, Number 10—October 2018
Research

Zika Virus Infection during Pregnancy and Effects on Early Childhood Development, French Polynesia, 2013–2016

Lorenzo Subissi, Timothée Dub, Marianne Besnard, Teheipuaura Mariteragi-Helle, Tuxuan Nhan, Delphine Lutringer-Magnin, Philippe Barboza, Céline Gurry, Pauline Brindel, Eric J. Nilles, David Baud, Angela Merianos, Didier Musso, Judith R. Glynn, Gilles Dupuis, Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau1, Marine Giard1Comments to Author , and Henri-Pierre Mallet1
Author affiliations: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (L. Subissi, P. Barboza, C. Gurry, P. Brindel); Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (T. Dub); French Polynesia Hospital Center, Pirae, French Polynesia (M. Besnard, D. Lutringer-Magnin); Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia (T. Mariteragi-Helle, T. Nhan, D. Musso, V.-M. Cao-Lormeau); Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (E.J. Nilles); World Health Organization, Manila, Philippines (E.J. Nilles, A. Merianos); University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (D. Baud); Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France (D. Musso); London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (J.R. Glynn); University of Québec, Montreal, Québec, Canada (G. Dupuis); Centre de Liaison sur l’Intervention et la Prévention Psychosociales, Montreal (G. Dupuis); Bureau de Veille Sanitaire, Direction de la Santé, Papeete (M. Giard, H.-P. Mallet)

Main Article

Table 4

Crude and adjusted odds ratios for maternal Zika virus infection and other risk factors and early childhood development, French Polynesia, 2013–2016*

Risk factors
 Early childhood development
Adequate in all domains, no. (%)
 Question or problem in >1 domain, no. (%)
 Adequate in all domains versus question or problem in >1 domain
Crude OR 
(95% CI)
 Adjusted OR 
(95% CI)
 LRT 
p value
Zika virus seropositivity, n = 107
No 13 (50) 13 (50) 1 1 0.07
Yes
 46 (57)
 35 (43)
 0.76 (0.31–1.84)
 0.35 (0.11–1.13)†
Reported Zika infection, n = 107
No infection during pregnancy‡ 19 (56) 15 (44) 1 1 0.19
Asymptomatic, timing unknown§ 30 (54) 26 (46) 1.09 (0.47–2.59) 0.51 (0.16–1.58)†
Symptomatic during pregnancy¶
 10 (59)
 7 (41)
 0.89 (0.27–2.88)
 0.58 (0.14–2.51)†
Deltamethrin outdoor spraying during pregnancy, n = 104
No 34 (69) 15 (31) 1 1 0.07
Yes
 24 (44)
 31 (56)
 2.92 (1.30–6.57)
 2.69 (0.92–7.84)#
Maternal socioeconomic status,** n = 106
Middle and high 47 (66) 24 (34) 1 1 <0.001
Low
 11 (31)
 24 (69)
 4.27 (1.80–10.2)
 5.28 (1.96–14.2)††
Breast-feeding,** n = 106
Yes, including artificial feeding 52 (57) 39 (43) 1 1 0.03
No 6 (40) 9 (60) 2.00 (0.66–6.09) 4.00 (1.06–15.1)‡‡

*LRT, likelihood ratio test; OR, odds ratio.
†Adjusted for deltamethrin outdoor spraying during pregnancy, maternal socioeconomic status, breastfeeding, and date of pregnancy start (divided into 4 categories based on risk of exposure to Zika virus; see Table 2).
‡Seronegative mothers and seropositive mothers who reported Zika-like illness outside pregnancy.
§Seropositive mothers who did not report Zika-like illness during or outside pregnancy.
¶Seropositive mothers who reported Zika-like illness during pregnancy.
#Adjusted for ZIKV seropositivity (main exposure), maternal socioeconomic status, breastfeeding, and date of pregnancy start.
**No interaction (test for interaction p = 0.26) and no multicolinearity were detected for maternal socioeconomic status and breastfeeding.
††Adjusted for ZIKV seropositivity (main exposure), deltamethrin outdoor spraying during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and date of pregnancy start.
‡‡Adjusted for ZIKV seropositivity (main exposure), deltamethrin outdoor spraying during pregnancy, maternal socioeconomic status, and date of pregnancy start.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: September 16, 2018
Page updated: September 16, 2018
Page reviewed: September 16, 2018
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