Table 1

Comparison of 2016–17 and Previous Epizootics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Guangdong Lineage in Europe

Pablo Alarcon¹, Adam Brouwer¹

, Divya Venkatesh, Daisy Duncan, Chrysostomos I. Dovas, George Georgiades, Isabella Monne, Alice Fusaro, Adam Dan, Krzysztof Śmietanka, Vassilios Ragias, Andrew C. Breed, Taxiarchis Chassalevris, Gabriela Goujgoulova, Charlotte Kristiane Hjulsager, Eoin Ryan, Azucena Sánchez, Eric Niqueux, Niina Tammiranta, Siamak Zohari, David A. Stroud, Vladimir Savić, Nicola S. Lewis, and Ian H. Brown

Author affiliations: Royal Veterinary College, London, UK (P. Alarcon); Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK (P. Alarcon, A. Brouwer, D. Duncan, A.C. Breed, N.S. Lewis, I.H. Brown); University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (D. Venkatesh); Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece (C.I. Dovas, T. Chassalevris); Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Thessaloniki (G. Georgiades, V. Ragias); Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy (I. Monne, A. Fusaro); Veterinary Diagnostic Institute, Budapest, Hungary (A. Dan); National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland (K. Śmietanka); Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia (A.C. Breed); University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (A.C. Breed); NDRVMI, Sofia, Bulgaria (G. Goujgoulova); Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (C.K. Hjulsager); Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Celbridge, Ireland (E. Ryan); Central Veterinary Laboratory, Madrid, Spain (A. Sánchez); French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Ploufragan, France (E. Niqueux); Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland (N. Tammiranta); National Veterinary Institute and World Organisation for Animal Health Collaborating Center, Uppsala, Sweden (S. Zohari); Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, UK (D.A. Stroud); Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia (V. Savić)

Main Article

Highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks by country in 3 epizootics in Europe*

Country	H5N1 2005–06 epizootic			H5N8 2014–15 epizootic				H5N8 2016–17 epizootic
Country	No. poultry infected	No.  wild birds infected	No. poultry culled†	No. poultry infected	No.  wild birds infected	No. captive birds infected	No. poultry culled†	No. poultry infected	No.  wild birds infected	No. captive birds infected	No.  poultry culled†
France	1	21	11,700	–	–	–	–	485	51	3	1,529,361
Hungary	29	12	251,948	1	–	–	22,000	238	86	5	2,678,191
Germany	1	220	14,300	5	2	1	58,964	89	738	15	1,150,631
Bulgaria	–	4	–	–	–	–	–	71	13	2	511,832
Poland	–	29	–	–	–	–	–	65	66	–	1,167,282
Romania	197	17	755,372‡	–	–	–	–	45	93	2	2,222
Czech Republic	–	14	–	–	–	–	–	38	39	–	79,308
Italy	–	19	–	1	–	–	31,985	16	6	–	357,049
Spain	–	1	–	–	–	–	––	10	2	–	28,330
Croatia	§	§	§	–	–	–	–	9	12	–	1,546
United Kingdom	–	1	–	1	–	–	6,178	12	23	–	102,849
Netherlands	–	–	–	5	1	–	245,600	8	48	10	202,004
Slovakia	–	2	–	–	–	–	–	8	58	3	351
Greece	–	25	–	–	–	–	–	5	8	–	28,275
Serbia	§	§	§	–	–	–	–	4	20	–	289
Sweden	1	13	692	–	2	–	–	4	30	2	203,053
Austria	–	46		–	–	–	–	2	55	1	1,258
Ukraine	§	§	§	–	–	–	–	2	3	1	10,288
Bosnia and Herzegovina	§	§	§	–	–	–	–	1	1	1	148
Denmark	1	26	102	–	–	–	–	1	49	1	69
FYROM	§	§	§	–	–	–	–	1	1	–	438
Belgium	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2	3	13	4,047
Finland	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	15	2	–
Ireland	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	10	–	–
Lithuania	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	5	–	–
Portugal	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1	–	–
Slovenia	–	28	–	–	–	–	–	–	41	–	–
Switzerland	–	9	–	–	–	–	–	–	87	–	–
Luxembourg	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	4	–
Totals	230	487	1,034,114	13	5	1	364,727	1,116	1,565	64	8,058,831
Total infected	717			19				2,745

*Table includes all reported HPAI H5N8 outbreaks through July 31, 2017. It excludes the new wave of secondary H5N8 outbreaks observed in Italy from the beginning of July 2017 through September 2017, which has different drivers and kinetics with maintenance in the poultry (primarily turkey) population rather than through wild bird introduction. FYROM, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; HPAI, highly pathogenic avian influenza.
†It is uncertain if for some outbreaks only the number of poultry in one farm building or if the poultry population in the area of the farm were reported. This estimate should be used as an approximation and indicator of impact.
‡One observation contained 600,000 birds, representing the overall population of backyard flocks affected in Romania. This number is an approximation.
§These countries did not submit data to the Animal Disease Notification System in 2005–06; however, there is other evidence of H5N1 incursion in the period.

Main Article

¹These authors are joint first authors.

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Page updated: November 19, 2018

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