Comparison of 2016–17 and Previous Epizootics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Guangdong Lineage in Europe
Pablo Alarcon
1, Adam Brouwer
1
, Divya Venkatesh, Daisy Duncan, Chrysostomos I. Dovas, George Georgiades, Isabella Monne, Alice Fusaro, Adam Dan, Krzysztof Śmietanka, Vassilios Ragias, Andrew C. Breed, Taxiarchis Chassalevris, Gabriela Goujgoulova, Charlotte Kristiane Hjulsager, Eoin Ryan, Azucena Sánchez, Eric Niqueux, Niina Tammiranta, Siamak Zohari, David A. Stroud, Vladimir Savić, Nicola S. Lewis, and Ian H. Brown
Author affiliations: Royal Veterinary College, London, UK (P. Alarcon); Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK (P. Alarcon, A. Brouwer, D. Duncan, A.C. Breed, N.S. Lewis, I.H. Brown); University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (D. Venkatesh); Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece (C.I. Dovas, T. Chassalevris); Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Thessaloniki (G. Georgiades, V. Ragias); Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy (I. Monne, A. Fusaro); Veterinary Diagnostic Institute, Budapest, Hungary (A. Dan); National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland (K. Śmietanka); Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia (A.C. Breed); University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (A.C. Breed); NDRVMI, Sofia, Bulgaria (G. Goujgoulova); Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (C.K. Hjulsager); Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Celbridge, Ireland (E. Ryan); Central Veterinary Laboratory, Madrid, Spain (A. Sánchez); French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Ploufragan, France (E. Niqueux); Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland (N. Tammiranta); National Veterinary Institute and World Organisation for Animal Health Collaborating Center, Uppsala, Sweden (S. Zohari); Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, UK (D.A. Stroud); Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia (V. Savić)
Main Article
Table 3
Wild bird species of orders other than Podicipediformes, Anseriformes, and Charadriiformes reported by event in 3 highly pathogenic avian influenza epizootics in Europe
Species group |
Species |
No. (%) events
|
H5N1 2005–06 epizootic |
H5N8 2014–15 epizootic |
H5N8 2016–17 epizootic |
Birds of prey |
Unspecified |
30 (6) |
|
|
|
Buzzard |
1 (0.2) |
|
6 (0.4) |
|
Eagle |
|
|
1 (0.1) |
|
Falcon |
1 (0.2) |
|
3 (0.2) |
|
Hawk |
1 (0.2) |
|
3 (0.2) |
|
Owl. |
2 (0.4) |
|
4 (0.2) |
|
Barn owl (Tyto alba) |
1 (0.2) |
|
|
|
Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) |
1 (0.2) |
|
8 (0.5) |
|
White-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) |
|
|
24 (1) |
|
Common buzzard (Buteo buteo) |
7 (1) |
|
70 (4) |
|
Rough-legged buzzard (Buteo lagopus) |
1 (0.2) |
|
|
|
Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) |
2 (0.4) |
|
1 (0.1) |
|
Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) |
|
|
1 (0.1) |
|
Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) |
|
|
2 (0.1) |
|
Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) |
|
|
1 (0.1) |
|
Total
|
47 (9)
|
|
124 (7)
|
Crows |
Unspecified |
1 (0.2) |
|
|
|
Eurasian magpie (Pica pica) |
1 (0.2) |
|
4 (0.3) |
|
Hooded crow (Corvus cornix) |
|
|
3 (0.2) |
|
Rook (Corvus frugilegus) |
|
|
2 (0.1) |
|
Carrion crow (Corvus corone) |
|
|
1 (0.1) |
|
Common raven (Corvus corax) |
|
|
1 (0.1) |
|
Total
|
2 (0.4)
|
|
11 (1)
|
Grebes |
Great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) |
7 (1) |
|
12 (1) |
|
Little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis) |
1 (0.2) |
|
4 (0.2) |
|
Total
|
8 (2)
|
|
16 (1)
|
Thrushes |
Blackbird (Turdus merula) |
|
|
1 (0.1 |
|
Song thrush (Turdus philomelos) |
|
|
2 (0.1) |
|
Total
|
|
|
3 (0.2
|
Pigeons, doves |
Wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) |
|
|
2 (0.1) |
|
Collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) |
1 (0.2) |
|
1 (0.1) |
|
Rock dove (Coumbia livia) |
|
1 (11) |
|
|
Total
|
1 (0.2)
|
1 (11)
|
3 (0.2)
|
Herons |
Unspecified |
2 (0.4) |
|
16 (1) |
|
Grey heron (Ardea cinerea) |
4 (1) |
|
48 (3) |
|
Total
|
6 (1)
|
|
64 (4)
|
Storks |
Unspecified |
2 (0.4) |
|
|
|
White stork (Ciconia ciconia) |
|
|
3 (0.2) |
|
Total
|
2 (0.4)
|
|
3 (0.2)
|
Pelicans
|
Unspecified. (Pelcanus spp.)
|
|
|
2 (0.1)
|
Terns
|
Common tern (Sterna hirundo)
|
|
|
2 (0.1)
|
Cormorants
|
Great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo)
|
6 (1)
|
|
17 (1)
|
Other |
Unspecified |
9 (2) |
2 (22) |
140 (8) |
Main Article
Page created: November 19, 2018
Page updated: November 19, 2018
Page reviewed: November 19, 2018
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