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Volume 24, Number 12—December 2018
Research

Influences of Community Interventions on Zika Prevention Behaviors of Pregnant Women, Puerto Rico, July 2016–June 20171

Giulia Earle-RichardsonComments to Author , Christine Prue, Khadija Turay, and Dana Thomas
Author affiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Main Article

Table 4

Zika personal protection behaviors among pregnant women, by exposure to 4 interventions, Puerto Rico, July 2016–June 2017*

Behavior Entire sample Received WIC Zika orientation
 Received ZPK
 Exposed to Detén el Zika campaign
 Offered free home spraying
Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
Mosquito repellent use
  Always, reported reapplying 28.3 29.1 18.9 29.7 24.5 31.2 25 32.6 26.1
  Always, did not report reapplying 23.9 23.5 28.4 24.1 23.5 27.6 21.5 23.9 23.9
  Usually or most of the time 25.9 26.4 21.1 25.9 26 23.1 28.4 23.2 27.1
  Sometimes 13.0 12.8 14.7 12.2 15.2 11.7 14.5 13.2 13.1
  Rarely or seldom 4.6 4.4 7.4 4.7 4.0 3.9 4.7 4.0 4.9
  Never 4.2 3.8 9.5 3.4 6.8 2.6 5.8 3.1 4.8
  Total no. 1,328 1,229 95 976 323 614 597 448 873
  p value
0.018
0.016
<0.001
0.012
Condom use†
  Always 44.1 45.3 31.6 45.1 42.6 44.2 26.3 42.5 44.8
  Sometimes 29.3 29.5 24.1 30.6 25.8 28.7 26.3 28.3 29.9
  Never 26.6 25.2 44.3 24.3 31.6 27.2 47.4 29.2 25.3
  Total no. 1,047 964 79 768 256 491 464 353 689
  p value
0.001
0.130
0.001
0.266
Bed net use
  Slept under bed net yesterday 14.8 15.4 7.4 17.7 6.8 16.1 13.8 13.8 15.3
  Did not use yesterday, reports use generally 4.9 5.2 1.1 5.7 2.5 4.2 4.7 3.1 5.8
  Did not use yesterday, does not report use generally 80.3 79.4 91.6 76.5 90.7 79.7 81.5 83 78.8
  Total no. 1,329 1,230 95 976 324 616 600 448 873
  p value
0.005
<0.001
0.390
0.094
Wearing long pants
Wearing now, every day, all day 21.3 21.4 21.1 20.6 23.5 21.2 20.8 20.6 21.5
Wearing now, every day, part of day 19.2 19.5 15.8 18.7 21.0 20.4 18.3 19.7 19.0
Wearing now, does not wear every day 20.0 20 21.1 20.0 19.4 20.5 20 17.7 21.3
Not wearing long pants now 39.4 39.1 42.1 40.7 36.1 40.8 37.9 41.9 38.1
Total no. 1,327 1,228 95 974 324 614 600 446 873
p value
0.549
0.098
0.378
0.402
Sexual abstinence
Had no sex during pregnancy 20.2 20.7 15.8 20.3 19.9 31.2 25.0 20.6 19.9
Had sex during pregnancy 79.8 79.3 84.2 79.7 80.1 80.6 78.2 79.4 80.1
Total no. 1,324 1,225 95 973 322 614 597 447 869
p value
0.256
0.855
0.303
0.773
Wearing long-sleeved shirt
Wearing now, every day, all day 3.9 3.8 5.3 3.7 4.7 77.7 79.3 4.0 3.8
Wearing now, every day, part of day 6.7 6.7 7.4 7.2 5.6 6.4 7.2 6.9 6.7
Wearing now, does not wear every day 10.6 10.8 7.4 9.9 13.7 11.1 10.4 8.9 11.5
Not wearing long sleeves now 78.7 78.6 79.8 79.3 79.3 79.3 83.5 80.1 78
Total no. 1,325 1,227 94 974 322 614 598 448 869
p value 0.915 0.289 0.464 0.457

*All data indicate percentages unless otherwise indicated. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05 by Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test) are shown in bold. WIC, Women, Infants, and Children Program (US Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service); ZPK, Zika prevention kit.
†Among those reporting having had sex during pregnancy.

Main Article

1Preliminary results from this study were presented as a poster presentation at the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases, August 29, 2018, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Page created: November 20, 2018
Page updated: November 20, 2018
Page reviewed: November 20, 2018
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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