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Volume 24, Number 6—June 2018
Research

Influenza D Virus Infection in Feral Swine Populations, United States

Lucas Ferguson1, Kaijian Luo1, Alicia K. Olivier, Fred L. CunninghamComments to Author , Sherry Blackmon, Katie Hanson-Dorr, Hailiang Sun2, John Baroch, Mark W. Lutman, Bianca Quade, William Epperson, Richard Webby, Thomas J. DeLiberto, and Xiu-Feng WanComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA (L. Ferguson, K. Luo, A.K. Olivier, S. Blackmon, H. Sun, B. Quade, W. Epperson, X.-F. Wan); South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (K. Luo); US Department of Agriculture, Starkville (F.L. Cunningham, K. Hanson-Dorr); US Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (J. Baroch, M.W. Lutman, T.J. DeLiberto); St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA (R. Webby)

Main Article

Figure 2

Infectivity and transmissibility of influenza D virus in feral swine populations, United States. A) Viral titers from nasal washes of feral swine. Feral swine were inoculated intranasally with 106 TCID50/mL of influenza D/bovine/C00046N/Mississippi/2014 virus. Naive feral swine were exposed to the virus by direct contact with D/bovine/C00046N/Mississippi/2014 virus–inoculated feral swine. On days 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 after the inoculation group was inoculated, nasal washes were collected from all

Figure 2. Infectivity and transmissibility of influenza D virus in feral swine populations, United States. A) Viral titers from nasal washes of feral swine. Feral swine were inoculated intranasally with 106 TCID50/mL of influenza D/bovine/C00046N/Mississippi/2014 virus. Naive feral swine were exposed to the virus by direct contact with D/bovine/C00046N/Mississippi/2014 virus–inoculated feral swine. On days 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 after the inoculation group was inoculated, nasal washes were collected from all 3 groups of swine and in HRT-18G cells. Ending titers are expressed as log10 TCID50/mL. The limit of virus detection was 100.699 TCID50/mL. Error bars represent standard error of viral titers. The dashed line indicates the lower limit of detection, which is 100.699 TCID50/mL. B) Accumulated number of feral swine infected and accumulated infection rate for the feral swine inoculated with influenza D virus. C) Accumulated number of feral swine infected and accumulated infection rate for the contact feral swine. A feral swine was considered infected if a viral titer was detected in in nasal washes, serum samples, or both or if this feral swine seroconverted. TCID50, 50% tissue culture infective dose.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

2Current affiliation: South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.

Page created: May 17, 2018
Page updated: May 17, 2018
Page reviewed: May 17, 2018
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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