Volume 24, Number 8—August 2018
Dispatch
Therapeutic and Transmission-Blocking Efficacy of Dihydroartemisinin/Piperaquine and Chloroquine against Plasmodium vivax Malaria, Cambodia
Jean Popovici, Amelie Vantaux, Lyse Primault, Reingsey Samreth, Eak Por Piv, Sophalai Bin, Saorin Kim, Dysoley Lek, David Serre, and Didier Menard
Table 2
Plasmodium vivax clearance among infected patients, time to malaria recurrence, and vector transmission results, by allocated antimalarial drug treatment, Cambodia*
| Characteristic | Chloroquine | DHA/PPQ | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical drug trial study, June–December 2014 | |||
| Proportion of patients parasitemic at day 1 by microscopy | 17/20 (85) | 6/20 (30) | 0.001† |
| Parasites/μL of blood at day 1 | 180 (80–600) | 0 (0–57) | 0.0002‡ |
| Parasite reduction ratio at day | 96.2 (68.5–98.6) | 100 (99.4–100) | 0.0002‡ |
| Proportion of patients parasitemic at day 2 by microscopy | 5/20 (25) | 0/20 (0) | 0.047† |
| Parasites/μL of blood at day 2 | 0 (0–15) | 0 | 0.03‡ |
| Parasite reduction ratio at day 2 | 100 (99.8–100) | 100 | 0.03‡ |
| Proportion of patients parasitemic at day 3 by microscopy | 0/20 (0) | 0/20 (0) | 1.00† |
| Proportion of patients with recurrence detected by PCR | 12/20 (60) | 4/20 (20) | 0.02† |
| Time to recurrence, d |
49 (42–49) |
56 (52.5–56) |
0.04‡ |
| Human-to-mosquito transmission study, January–March 2016 | |||
| Proportion of infectious patients after first dose of treatment; feeding assay
at 9:00 |
8/9 (89) | 1/10 (10) | 0.001† |
| Proportion of infected mosquitoes after first dose of treatment; feeding assay
at 9:00 |
60.7 (23.7–78.6) | 0 | 0.004‡ |
| Average no. of oocysts in infected mosquitoes after first dose of treatment;
feeding assay at 9:00 |
9.9 (4.1–25.7) | 356.4 | 0.22‡ |
| Parasite transmissibility reduction ratio (%) at 9:00 |
19 (−13.8 to 62.7) | 100 | 0.003‡ |
| Proportion of infectious patient 24 h after first dose of chloroquine | 2/9 (22) | ND | ND |
| Average no. of oocysts in infected mosquitoes after first dose of treatment for 2 infectious patients; feeding assay 24 h after first dose of chloroquine | 1.3 and 2.4 | ND | ND |
| Proportion of infected mosquitoes 24 h after first dose of chloroquine | 0 (0–4.4) | ND | ND |
*Values are no. positive/no. tested (%) or median (IQR) unless otherwise indicated. Bold indicates statistical significance (p<0.05). DHA/PPQ, dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine; IQR, interquartile range; ND, no data.
†By Fisher exact test.
‡By Mann-Whitney U test.
Page created: July 17, 2018
Page updated: July 17, 2018
Page reviewed: July 17, 2018
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