Volume 25, Number 10—October 2019
Research
Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Children After Natural Disasters, Bohol, Philippines
Table 1
Prevalence of TST positivity by municipality and area affected by 2013 natural disasters, Bohol, Philippines, 2016–2018*
Less affected area | 213,899 | 2,766 | 195 | 7.0 (6.1–8.0) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ubay | 68,482 | 653 | 48 | 7.4 (5.3–9.4) |
Bien Unido | 25,782 | 162 | 17 | 10.5 (5.7–15.3) |
Pres. Carlos P. Garcia | 23,269 | 212 | 29 | 13.7 (9.0–18.3) |
Anda | 16,866 | 327 | 21 | 6.4 (3.8–9.1) |
Mabini | 28,172 | 722 | 51 | 7.1 (5.2–8.9) |
Candijay | 29,043 | 457 | 27 | 5.9 (3.7–8.1) |
Alicia | 22,285 | 233 | 2 | 0.9 (−0.3–2.1) |
*TST, tuberculin skin test.
†Heavily affected and less affected areas each comprised 100 clusters/700 households.
‡Population is based on the 2010 national census (7).
§TST positives include all tuberculosis cases, including the 1 child with tuberculosis who was TST negative because of malnutrition.
References
- Philippine Humanitarian Country Team UNOftCoHA. Philippines: Bohol earthquake action plan (revised). January 2014 [cited 2018 Nov 30]. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Bohol%20Earthquake%20Action%20Plan%20%28BEAP%29%20Revision%20FINAL.pdf
- Survey MotPNTP. 2016 National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey for the Department of Health, Philippines [cited 2019 Jan 22]. http://ntp.doh.gov.ph/downloads/publications/NTPS2016.pdf
- Kanamori H, Hatakeyama T, Uchiyama B, Weber DJ, Takeuchi M, Endo S, et al. Clinical and molecular epidemiological features of tuberculosis after the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2016;20:505–14. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Moss WJ, Ramakrishnan M, Storms D, Henderson Siegle A, Weiss WM, Lejnev I, et al. Child health in complex emergencies. Bull World Health Organ. 2006;84:58–64. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Bohol-Philippines.com Best Ecotourism Destinations. Bohol Islands [cited 2019 Apr 26]. https://www.bohol-philippines.com/bohol-island.html
- Republic of the Philippines Department of Health. What is GIDA? [cited 2019 Jan 22]. https://www.doh.gov.ph/node/1154
- World Health Organisation. Philippines: WHO and UNICEF estimates of immunization coverage: 2017 revision [cited 2019 Apr 24]. https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/data/phl.pdf
- Bennett S, Woods T, Liyanage WM, Smith DL. A simplified general method for cluster-sample surveys of health in developing countries. World Health Stat Q. 1991;44:98–106.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Vianzon R, Garfin AM, Lagos A, Belen R. The tuberculosis profile of the Philippines, 2003-2011: advancing DOTS and beyond. Western Pac Surveill Response J. 2013;4:11–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- PhilHealth. National Tuberculosis Control Program, manual of procedures. 5th ed. [cited 2018 Dec 3]. https://www.philhealth.gov.ph/partners/providers/pdf/NTCP_MoP2014.pdf
- Graham SM, Cuevas LE, Jean-Philippe P, Browning R, Casenghi M, Detjen AK, et al. Clinical case definitions for classification of intrathoracic tuberculosis in children: an update. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(Suppl 3):S179–87. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Barr RG, Menzies R. The effect of war on tuberculosis. Results of a tuberculin survey among displaced persons in El Salvador and a review of the literature. Tuber Lung Dis. 1994;75:251–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Toole MJ, Waldman RJ. Refugees and displaced persons. War, hunger, and public health. JAMA. 1993;270:600–5. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Coninx R. Tuberculosis in complex emergencies. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85:637–40. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Howley MM, Painter JA, Katz DJ, Graviss EA, Reves R, Beavers SF, et al.; Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies Consortium. Evaluation of QuantiFERON-TB gold in-tube and tuberculin skin tests among immigrant children being screened for latent tuberculosis infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015;34:35–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Aguirre CA. Philippines childhood immunization schedule, 2016 [cited 2018 Dec 3]. http://www.pidsphil.org/pdf/2016/16LEC-10-PIDSP-Immunization-Schedule-2016-Aguirre.pdf
- Zwerling A, Behr MA, Verma A, Brewer TF, Menzies D, Pai M. The BCG World Atlas: a database of global BCG vaccination policies and practices. PLoS Med. 2011;8:
e1001012 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar - Jenkins HE, Gegia M, Furin J, Kalandadze I, Nanava U, Chakhaia T, et al. Geographical heterogeneity of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Georgia, January 2009 to June 2011. Euro Surveill. 2014;19:20743. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Winston CA, Menzies HJ. Pediatric and adolescent tuberculosis in the United States, 2008-2010. Pediatrics. 2012;130:e1425–32. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Furin J, Mathew T. Tuberculosis control in acute disaster settings: case studies from the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2013;7:129–30. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Bieberly J, Ali J. Treatment adherence of the latently infected tuberculosis population (post-Katrina) at Wetmore TB Clinic, New Orleans, USA. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2008;12:1134–8.PubMedGoogle Scholar
1Additional members of the PEER Health Bohol Pediatric Study Team who contributed data are listed at the end of this article.