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Volume 25, Number 8—August 2019
Research

Direct Medical Costs of 3 Reportable Travel-Related Infections in Ontario, Canada, 2012–2014

Rachel D. SavageComments to Author , Laura C. Rosella, Natasha S. Crowcroft, Maureen Horn, Kamran Khan, Laura Holder, and Monali Varia
Author affiliations: Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.D. Savage); University of Toronto, Toronto (R.D. Savage, L.C. Rosella, N.S. Crowcroft, K. Khan); ICES, Toronto (R.D. Savage, L.C. Rosella, L. Holder); Public Health Ontario, Toronto (N.S. Crowcroft); Peel Public Health, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada (M. Horn, M. Varia); St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto (K. Khan)

Main Article

Table 2

Characteristics of case-patients in study of direct costs of hepatitis A, malaria, and enteric fever and pools of unmatched and matched eligible controls, Peel region, Ontario, Canada, 2012–2014*

Variable Case-patients, n = 318 Prematching
Postmatching
Controls, n = 658,633 d Controls, n = 636 d
Age, y
Mean ± SD 31 ± 21 37 ± 22 0.273 31 ± 21 0.001
Median (IQR)
30 (12–47)
36 (20–53)
0.268

30 (12–47)
0.001
  <1 0 9,694 (1.5) 0.173 0 0
  1–4 21 (6.6) 27,381 (4.2) 0.109 42 (6.6) 0
  5–9 36 (11.3) 40,692 (6.2) 0.183 75 (11.8) 0.015
  10–14 33 (10.4) 41,235 (6.3) 0.149 63 (9.9) 0.016
  15–24 43 (13.5) 93,870 (14.3) 0.021 85 (13.4) 0.005
  25–49 120 (37.7) 245,090 (37.2) 0.011 240 (37.7) 0
  50–74 57 (17.9) 167,999 (25.5) 0.185 115 (18.1) 0.004
  >75
8 (2.5)
32,672 (5.0)
0.129

16 (2.5)
0
Sex
  F 123 (38.7) 321,510 (48.8) 0.205 252 (39.6) 0.019
  M
195 (61.3)
337,123 (51.2)
0.205

384 (60.4)
0.019
Neighborhood income quintile
  1, lowest 70 (22.0) 103,751 (15.8) 0.160 133 (20.9) 0.027
  2 88 (27.7) 109,728 (16.7) 0.268 169 (26.6) 0.025
  3 94 (29.6) 121,601 (18.5) 0.262 203 (31.9) 0.051
  4 or 5, highest 60–70 (S) 159,348 (24.2) 0.231 131 (20.6) 0.027
  Missing
<6 (S)
356 (0.1)
0.150

0
0.160
Foreign-born, database
  IRCC-PR† 183 (57.5) 73,564 (11.2) 1.119 449 (70.6) 0.275
  iPHIS or IRCC-PR‡
227 (71.4)
73,564 (11.2)
1.546

449 (70.6)
0.017
Years in Canada, no./total (%)
  0–4 58/227 (25.6) 13,535/73,564 (18.4) 0.170 113/449 (25.2) 0.009
  5–9 56/227 (24.7) 15,868/73,564 (21.6) 0.070 114/449 (25.4) 0.017
  >10
113/227 (49.8)
44,161/73,564 (60.0)
0.210

222/449 (49.4)
0.007
Concurrent medical condition§
  1 240 (75.5) 351,379 (53.3) 0.475 475 (74.7) 0.018
  2 210 (66.0) 313,777 (47.6) 0.378 420 (66.0) 0
  3 178 (56.0) 286,375 (43.5) 0.252 359 (56.4) 0.010
  4 28 (8.8) 33,259 (5.0) 0.148 59 (9.3) 0.016
  5 and 9 44 (13.8) 90,116 (13.7) 0.004 118 (18.6) 0.008
  6 and 7 107 (33.6) 164,535 (25.0) 0.191 222 (34.9) 0.007
  8 12 (3.8) 39,357 (6.0) 0.102 23 (3.6) 0.008
  10 63 (19.8) 135,170 (20.5) 0.018 127 (20.0) 0.004
  11 119 (37.4) 216,829 (32.9) 0.094 216 (34.0) 0.072
  12 12 (3.8) 15,640 (2.4) 0.081 24 (3.8) 0

*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. d, standardized difference; iPHIS, integrated Public Health Information System; IQR, interquartile range; IRCC-PR, Immigration, Refugee and Citizenship Canada Permanent Resident; S, suppressed per ICES reidentification risk assessment policy.
†Case-patients and controls were designated as foreign-born if they had a record in the IRCC-PR database.
‡Case-patients were designated as foreign-born if country of birth was listed as outside of Canada in iPHIS, or they had a record in the IRCC-PR database; controls were designated as foreign-born if they had a record in the IRCC-PR database.
§Listed by John Hopkins collapsed Aggregated Diagnostic Group: 1 (acute minor), 2 (acute major), 3 (likely to recur), 4 (asthma), 5 and 9 (chronic unstable), 6 and 7 (chronic stable), 8 (eye and dental), 10 (psychosocial), 11 (preventive and administrative), and 12 (pregnancy)..

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Page created: July 15, 2019
Page updated: July 15, 2019
Page reviewed: July 15, 2019
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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