Volume 25, Number 8—August 2019
Research
Direct Medical Costs of 3 Reportable Travel-Related Infections in Ontario, Canada, 2012–2014
Rachel D. Savage
, Laura C. Rosella, Natasha S. Crowcroft, Maureen Horn, Kamran Khan, Laura Holder, and Monali Varia
, Laura C. Rosella, Natasha S. Crowcroft, Maureen Horn, Kamran Khan, Laura Holder, and Monali Varia
Table 4
Travel-related characteristics of case-patients with hepatitis A, malaria, or enteric fever reported to public health, Peel region, Ontario, Canada, 2012–2014*
| Characteristic | No. (%) case-patients |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hepatitis A | Malaria | Enteric fever | Overall | |
| Travel associated† | ||||
| Yes | 39 (79.6) | 103 (91.2) | 120 (94.5) | 262 (90.7) |
| No or unknown |
10 (20.4) |
10 (8.8) |
7 (5.5) |
27 (9.3) |
| Region of birth† | ||||
| South Asia | 10 (20.4) | 38 (33.6) | 78 (61.4) | 126 (43.6) |
| North America | 14 (28.6) | 6 (5.3) | 35 (27.6) | 55 (19.0) |
| West Africa | 0 | 29 (25.7) | 0 | 29 (10.0) |
| Other or missing |
25 (51.0) |
40 (35.4) |
14 (11.0) |
79 (27.3) |
| Primary travel country‡ | ||||
| India | 11 (29.0) | 16 (19.5) | 92 (78.6) | 119 (50.2) |
| Pakistan | 14 (36.8) | 11 (13.4) | 19 (16.2) | 44 (18.6) |
| Nigeria | 0 | 20 (24.4) | 0 | 20 (8.4) |
| Ghana | 0 | 19 (23.2) | 0 | 19 (8.0) |
| Other or missing |
13 (34.2) |
16 (19.5) |
6 (5.1) |
35 (14.8) |
| Purpose of travelठ| ||||
| Visiting friends or relatives | 18 (47.4) | 45 (54.9) | 87 (74.4) | 150 (63.3) |
| Leisure, business, or other | <6 (S) | 13 (15.9) | 11 (9.4) | 25–29 (S) |
| Missing |
17 (44.7) |
27 (32.9) |
24 (20.5) |
68 (28.7) |
| Pretravel health consultation‡ | ||||
| Yes | <6 (S) | 14 (17.1) | 10 (8.5) | 25–29 (S) |
| No or unknown | 33–38 (S) | 68 (82.9) | 107 (91.5) | 208–213 (S) |
*S, suppressed per ICES reidentification risk assessment policy.
†Includes recent immigrants (i.e., immigrants who arrived in Ontario during the incubation period of their disease) and visitors: hepatitis A (n = 49), malaria (n = 113), enteric fever (n = 127), and overall (n = 289).
‡Does not include recent immigrants and visitors: hepatitis A (n = 38), malaria (n = 82), enteric fever (n = 117), and overall (n = 237).
§Not mutually exclusive.
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