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Volume 26, Number 10—October 2020
Dispatch

Drug Resistance Spread in 6 Metropolitan Regions, Germany, 2001–20181

Melanie Stecher2Comments to Author , Antoine Chaillon2, Christoph Stephan, Elena Knops, Niko Kohmer, Clara Lehmann, Josef Eberle, Johannes Bogner, Christoph D. Spinner, Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger, Jan-Christian Wasmuth, Guido Schäfer, Georg Behrens, Sanjay R. Mehta, Jörg Janne Vehreschild, and Martin HoeniglComments to Author 
Author affiliations: University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine, Cologne, Germany (M. Stecher, C. Lehmann, J.J. Vehreschild); University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne (M. Stecher, E. Knops, C. Lehmann, J.J. Vehreschild); German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Cologne, Cologne (M. Stecher, C. Lehmann, J.J. Vehreschild); University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA (A. Chaillon, S.R. Mehta, M. Hoenigl); University Hospital of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (C. Stephan, J.J. Vehreschild); LMU München, Munich, Germany (J. Eberle); German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich (J. Eberle, J. Bogner, C.D. Spinner); Department of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich (J. Bogner); Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich (C.D. Spinner); University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (A.M. Eis-Hübinger); University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn (J.-C. Wasmuth); University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (G. Schäfer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (G. Behrens); German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover, Hannover, Germany (G. Behrens); San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego (S.R. Mehta); Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (M. Hoenigl)

Main Article

Table 2

Proportion of identified drug resistance mutations in newly infected antiretroviral-naive patients with HIV-1, Germany, 2001–2018*

Mutation Bonn, no. (%) Cologne, no. (%) Frankfurt, no. (%) Hamburg, no. (%) Hannover, no. (%) Munich, no. (%)
NRTI
T215FY 3 (1.21) 19 (7.66) 4 (1.61) 1 (0.40) 19 (7.66) 6 (2.42)
M41L 1 (0.40) 13 (5.24) 3 (1.21) 1 (0.40) 6 (2.42) 1 (0.40)
D67GNS 3 (1.21) 13 (5.24) 0 0 3 (1.21) 1 (0.40)
K219ERQ 3 (1.21) 7 (2.82) 1 (0.40) 0 3 (1.21) 2 (0.81)
M184IV 0 9 (3.63) 0 0 3 (1.21) 1 (0.40)
A62V 0 1 (0.40) 1 (0.40) 1 (0.40) 3 (1.21) 1 (0.40)
E44D 0 4 (1.61) 1 (0.40) 0 2 (0.81) 0
K70RT 0 4 (1.61) 0 0 2 (0.81) 0
L210W 1 (0.40) 2 (0.81) 0 0 3 (1.21) 0
T69D 1 (0.40) 4 (1.61) 0 0 1 (0.40) 0
F77L 0 0 0 0 4 (1.61) 0
L74V 0 4 (1.61) 0 0 0 0
K65R 0 2 (0.81) 0 0 1 (0.40) 0
V75AIM
 0
 3 (1.21)
 0
 0
 0
 0
NNRTI
E138A† 7 (2.82) 21 (8.47) 11 (4.44) 1 (0.40) 6 (2.42) 3 (1.21)
K103ENT 7 (2.82) 16 (5.13) 5 (2.02) 2 (0.81) 4 (1.61) 3 (1.21)
V179DEF 0 11 (4.44) 4 (1.61) 2 (0.81) 8 (3.23) 5 (2.02)
G190AERS 2 (0.81) 9 (3.63) 0 0 2 (0.81) 1 (0.40)
Y188LHC 2 (0.81) 4 (1.61) 0 0 2 (0.81) 1 (0.40)
L100IV 0 2 (0.81) 3 (1.21) 0 3 (1.21) 0
Y181C 1 (0.40) 3 (1.21) 0 0 1 (0.40) 1 (0.40)
V108I 1 (0.40) 3 (1.21) 0 0 1 (0.40) 0
P225H 1 (0.40) 3 (1.21) 0 0 0 0
V106AIM 0 4 (1.61) 0 0 0 0
M230MI 0 2 (0.81) 0 0 0 0
A98AG 0 1 (0.40) 0 0 0 0
F227FL 0 1 (0.40) 0 0 0 0
H221HY 0 1 (0.40) 0 0 0 0
K101E 0 0 0 0 1 (0.40) 0
K238T
 0
 1 (0.40)
 0
 0
 0
 0
PI
L90M 0 0 0 0 5 (2.02) 1 (0.40)
M46I 0 0 1 (0.40) 1 (0.40) 2 (0.81) 0
I84V 0 0 0 0 2 (0.81) 0
I47V 0 0 0 1 (0.40) 0 0
L90LM 0 0 0 0 1 (0.40) 0
M46L 0 0 1 (0.40) 0 0 0
V82L 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.40)

*Data are presented by each city’s university hospital as absolute numbers and percentages. No resistances to integrase strand transfer inhibitors were identified. NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PI, protease inhibitors.
†E138A was not included in the drug resistance mutation/transmitted drug resistance mutation rate of our study population.

Main Article

1Preliminary results from this study were presented at the Conference for Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) 2019, March 4–7, 2019, Seattle, Washington, USA.

2These first authors contributed equally to this article.

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