Multiple Introductions of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi H58 with Reduced Fluoroquinolone Susceptibility into Chile
Mailis Maes
1 , Zoe A. Dyson
1, Ellen E. Higginson, Alda Fernandez, Pamela Araya, Sharon M. Tennant, Stephen Baker, Rosanna Lagos, Myron M. Levine, Juan Carlos Hormazabal
2, and Gordon Dougan
2
Author affiliations: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (M. Maes, Z.A. Dyson, E.E. Higginson, S. Baker, G. Dougan); Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Z.A. Dyson); London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (Z.A. Dyson); Instituto de Salud Publica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A. Fernandez, P. Araya, J.C. Hormazabal); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (S.M. Tennant, M. M. Levine); Hospital de Niños de Santiago, Santiago, Chile (R. Lagos)
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Figure 2
Figure 2. Nearest-neighbor calculations of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi of genotype 4.3.1 and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees for 3 introductions of Salmonella Typhi genotype 4.3.1 into Chile in the context of their closest Salmonella Typhi isolate neighbors. A) Isolate collected during 2012–2014 resembles isolates from South Asia. B) Isolate collected during 2015 resembles isolates from India. C) Isolate collected in 2016 is closely related to a cluster of sequences from India and Bangladesh. Accession numbers, genotypes, countries, and years of isolation are shown. Stars indicate mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region of genes gyrA, gyrA-S83F and gyrA-D87N, and parC-S80I. Scale bars indicate SNP distance. SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism.
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