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Volume 26, Number 6—June 2020
Research

Endemic Chromoblastomycosis Caused Predominantly by Fonsecaea nubica, Madagascar1

Tahinamandranto Rasamoelina, Danièle Maubon, Malalaniaina Andrianarison, Irina Ranaivo, Fandresena Sendrasoa, Njary Rakotozandrindrainy, Fetra A. Rakotomalala, Sébastien Bailly, Benja Rakotonirina, Abel Andriantsimahavandy, Fahafahantsoa Rakato Rabenja, Mala R. Andrianarivelo, Muriel CornetComments to Author , and Lala S. Ramarozatovo
Author affiliations: Université d’Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar (T. Rasamoelina, N. Rakotozandrindrainy, F.A. Rakotomalala, B. Rakotonirina, A. Andriantsimahavandy, M.Rakato Andrianarivelo); Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (D. Maubon, S. Bailly, M. Cornet); Hôpital Universitaire Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, Antananarivo (M. Andrianarison, I. Ranaivo, F. Sendrasoa, F.R. Rabenja, L.S. Ramarozatovo); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Befelatanana, Antananarivo (L.S. Ramarozatovo)

Main Article

Table 2

Characteristics of chromoblastomycosis cases in patients with chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, Madagascar, March 2013–June 2017*

Characteristic Chromoblastomycosis
 Other,‡ n = 98 p value
Severe,† n = 27 Moderate,† n = 21 NA, n = 2 All, n = 50
Period of recruitment
2013, starting March 1 NS NS NS 6 (12.0) 10 (10.2) 0.12
2014 NS NS NS 6 (12.0) 22 (22.4) NS
2015 NS NS NS 12 (24.0) 35 (35.7) NS
2016 NS NS NS 17 (34.0) 19 (19.5) NS
2017, through May 31
 NS
 NS
 NS
 9 (18.0)
 12 (12.2)
 NS
Mean age, y, (SD)
 NS
 NS
 NS
 47.9 (15.7)
 37.5 (19.4)
 0.0005
Age range, y
3–17 NS NS NS 1 (2.0) 16 (16.3) 0.001
18–32 NS NS NS 5 (10.0) 26 (26.5) NS
33–47 NS NS NS 21 (42.0) 26 (26.5) NS
48–62 NS NS NS 10 (20.0) 19 (19.4) NS
63–80
 NS
 NS
 NS
 13 (26.0)
 11 (11.2)
 NS
Sex
M NS NS NS 46 (92.0) 65 (66.3) 0.001
F
 NS
 NS
 NS
 4 (8.0)
 33 (33.7)
 NS
Occupation NS
Farmer 17 (63.0) 12 (57.1) 2 (100.0) 31 (62.0) 45 (45.9) 0.006
Services sector 7 (25.9) 7 (33.3) 0 14 (28.0) 17 (17.4) NS
Student 1 (3.7) 1 (4.8) 0 2 (4.0) 18 (18.4) NS
Merchant-artisan 1 (3.7) 0 0 1 (2.0) 13 (13.3) NS
Unemployed
 1 (3.7)
 1 (4.8)
 0
 2 (4.0)
 5 (5.1)
 NS
Anatomic location
Lower limb 21 (77.8) 17 (81.0) 2 (100.0) 40 (80.0) 53 (54.1) 0.005
Upper limb 3 (11.1) 3 (14.3) 0 6 (12.0) 36 (37.7) NS
Other§
 3 (11.1)
 1 (4.7)
 0
 4 (8.0)
 9 (9.2)
 NS
Duration of the lesion, y
<1 2 (7.4) 1 (4.8) 0 3 (6.0) 56 (57.1) <0.0001
1–2 1 (3.7) 1 (4.8) 0 2 (4.0) 14 (14.3) NS
>2
 24 (88.9)
 19 (90.4)
 2 (100.0)
 45 (90.0)
 28 (28.6)
 NS
Clinical form
Nodular 1 (3.7) 3 (14.3) 0 4 (8.0) NS NS
Verrucous 1(3.7) 4 (19.0) 0 5 (10.0) NS NS
Tumorous 5 (18.5) 0 0 5 (10.0) NS NS
Cicatricial 3 (11.1) 1 (4.8) 0 4 (8.0) NS NS
Plaque 3 (11.1) 7 (33.3) 0 10 (20.0) NS NS
Mixed 8 (29.6) 3 (14.3) 0 11 (22.0) NS NS
Mixed on the face
 2 (7.4)
 0
 0
 2 (4.0)
 NS
 NS
Modified by previous therapy 4 (14.8) 3 (14.3) 0 7 (14.0) NS NS
NA 0 0 2 (100.0) 2 (4.0) NS NS

*Values are no. (%) unless otherwise indicated. NA, not available; NS, not specified.
†For definitions, see Table 1.
‡Sporotrichosis (n = 63) (12); mycetoma (n = 4); carcinoma, eczema, and cutanesous tuberculosis (n = 2); carpitis, erysipela, fibrosarcoma, cutaneous lymphoma, porokeratosis of Mibelli, prurigo nodularis, pyoderma, and papillomavirus (n = 1); not specified (n = 17).
§Head and neck, thorax.

Main Article

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Main Article

1Preliminary results from this study were presented at the 20th International Society for Human and Animal Mycology Conference; June 29–July 5, 2018; Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

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