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Volume 26, Number 7—July 2020
Synopsis

Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in an Urban Slum, Brazil

Rosângela O. Anjos, Vánio André Mugabe, Patrícia S.S. Moreira, Caroline X. Carvalho, Moyra M. Portilho, Ricardo Khouri, Gielson A. Sacramento, Nivison R.R. Nery, Mitermayer G. Reis, Uriel D. Kitron, Albert I. Ko, Federico Costa, and Guilherme S. RibeiroComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (R.O. Anjos, P.S.S. Moreira, C.X. Carvalho, M.M. Portilho, R. Khouri, G.A. Sacramento, N.R.R. Nery Jr., M.G. Reis, U.D. Kitron, A.I. Ko, F. Costa, G.S. Ribeiro); Universidade Licungo, Quelimane, Mozambique (V.A. Mugabe); Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador (V.A. Mugabe, R. Khouri, N.R.R. Nery Jr., M.G. Reis, F. Costa, G.S. Ribeiro); Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (M.G. Reis, A.I. Ko, F. Costa); Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (U.D. Kitron); University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (F. Costa); Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK (F. Costa)

Main Article

Table 1

Prevalence of previous chikungunya virus infection, determined by detection of IgG, by demographic and clinical characteristics, Salvador, Brazil, November 2016–February 2017

Characteristic No. participants No. positive (prevalence, %) p value
Sociodemographic
Sex
M 761 93 (12.2) 0.60
F 1,011 116 (11.5)
Age, y
5–14 396 41 (8.1) 0.35
15–39 921 104 (11.9)
≥40 455 63 (14.9)
Skin color
Nonwhite 1,662 199 (12.0) 0.39
White 110 10 (9.1)
Household per capita income in US$/day*
≤5.50 1,429 171 (12.0) 0.69
>5.50 340 37 (10.9)
Education
Illiterate 76 14 (18.4) 0.06
Literate 1,696 195 (11.5)
Occupation/work
Yes 604 60 (9.9) 0.08
No 1,164 148 (12.7)
Residence located in an unpaved street
Yes 1,003 139 (13.9) 0.02
No 767 70 (9.1)
Type of residence construction
Plastered wall 1,447 154 (10.6) 0.04
Unplastered wall 211 33 (15.6)
Wood or other material 106 21 (19.8)
Residents per household
1 145 13 (9.0) 0.31
2–3 676 89 (13.2)
4–5 608 60 (9.0)
≥6
 340
 5 (13.5)
Clinical: reported symptoms†
Fever and arthralgia
None 1,212 111 (9.2) <0.01
Only fever 322 38 (11.8)
Only arthralgia 89 20 (22.5)
Both, not simultaneous 40 7 (17.5)
Both, simultaneous 96 32 (33.3)
Myalgia
Yes 222 42 (18.9) <0.01
No 1,548 167 (10.8)
Rash
Yes 216 50 (23.2) <0.01
No 1,554 158 (10.2)
Pruritus
Yes 206 46 (22.3) <0.01
No
 1,563
 163 (10.4)
Presumptive clinical diagnosis
Chikungunya
Yes 48 24 (50.0) <0.01
No 1,724 185 (10.7)
Dengue
Yes 111 21 (18.9) 0.02
No 1,661 188 (11.3)
Zika
Yes 147 38 (25.9) <0.01
No 1,625 171 (10.5)

*Data not shown for 3 participants.
†Reported symptoms with onset after January 2015.

Main Article

Page created: April 08, 2020
Page updated: June 18, 2020
Page reviewed: June 18, 2020
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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