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Volume 27, Number 10—October 2021
Research

Predictors of Test Positivity, Mortality, and Seropositivity during the Early Coronavirus Disease Epidemic, Orange County, California, USA

Daniel M. ParkerComments to Author , Tim Bruckner, Verónica M. Vieira, Catalina Medina, Vladimir N. Minin, Philip L. Felgner, Alissa Dratch, Matthew Zahn, Scott M. Bartell, and Bernadette Boden-Albala
Author affiliations: University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA (D.M. Parker, T. Bruckner, V.M. Vieira, C. Medina, V.N. Minin, P.L. Felgner, S.M. Bartell, B. Boden-Albala); Orange County Health Care Agency, Santa Ana, California, USA (A. Dratch, M. Zahn)

Main Article

Table 4

Logistic regression results for odds ratio of testing seropositive for SARS-CoV-2, Orange County, California, USA, July–August 2020*

Characteristic No. (%)
 Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)†
SARS-CoV-2 seropositive, n = 350 Total tested, n = 2,604
Age group, y
18–24 19 (5.43) 158 (5.35) Referent
25–29 31 (8.86) 234 (7.92) 1.09 (0.58–2.04)
30–34 33 (9.43) 275 (9.31) 0.97 (0.52–1.81)
35–39 35 (10) 328 (11.1) 0.85 (0.46–1.56)
40–49 83 (23.71) 651 (22.04) 1.08 (0.62–1.87)
50–59 82 (23.43) 659 (22.31) 1.09 (0.62–1.89)
60–69 46 (13.14) 418 (14.15) 1.02 (0.56–1.86)
70–79 18 (5.14) 188 (6.36) 0.93 (0.45–1.91)
>80
 3 (0.86)
 43 (1.46)
 0.64 (0.18–2.32)
Sex
F 222 (63.43) 1,668 (56.47) Referent
M
 128 (36.57)
 1,286 (43.53)
 0.75 (0.59–0.94)
Race or ethnicity‡
White 108 (30.86) 1,228 (41.57) Referent
Asian 47 (13.43) 435 (14.73) 1.25 (0.85–1.82)
Black 5 (1.43) 42 (1.42) 1.28 (0.48–3.37)
Hispanic 162 (46.29) 1,010 (34.19) 1.54 (1.17–2.03)
Pacific Islander 3 (0.86) 12 (0.41) 3.89 (1.04–14.65)
Unknown
 25 (7.14)
 227 (7.68)
 1.25 (0.78–2)
% With college degree in ZIP code
1st quartile 158 (45.14) 937 (31.72) Referent
2nd quartile 92 (26.29) 893 (30.23) 0.98 (0.65–1.46)
3rd quartile 59 (16.86) 644 (21.8) 1.15 (0.64–2.04)
4th quartile
 41 (11.71)
 480 (16.25)
 1.15 (0.59–2.22)
% With insurance in ZIP code
1st quartile 154 (44) 928 (31.42) Referent
2nd quartile 91 (26) 812 (27.49) 0.98 (0.67–1.43)
3rd quartile 54 (15.43) 597 (20.21) 0.99 (0.56–1.76)
4th quartile
 51 (14.57)
 617 (20.89)
 0.95 (0.51–1.76)
Population density, × 1,000 persons/km2 1.02 (0.81–1.29)
House crowding index
1.00 (0.96–1.04)
Median income (SD) 0.76 (0.57–1.00)
% Persons in ZIP code SARS-CoV-2 positive >10%§ 1.25 (0.80–1.96)

*This cross sectional survey was conducted July 10–August 16, 2020. SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. †Model intercept represents odds of testing seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 for a White female diagnosed with SARS-CoV2 in the 18–24 years age group in a ZIP code in the first quartile of college degree and insured with the average population density, and average percentage of SARS-CoV-2 positive persons in Orange County. The odds of this person testing seropositive is estimated to be 0.074 (95% CI 0.031–0.178). 95% CIs computed with robust SEs. ‡For comparison, the estimated race/ethnicity makeup of Orange County in 2021 is non-Hispanic White (38.6%, n = 1,223,157; Black/African American (1.6%, n = 52,696); American Indian or Alaskan Native (0.3%, n = 6,018); Asian (21.1%, n = 685,728); Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (0.3%, n = 8,885); other or multiple races (3.1%, n = 100,297); Hispanic or Latinx (35.0%, n = 1,115,740) (21). American Indian or Alaska Native race group not included in analysis because of lack of data; no person of this race group tested seropositive. §Number of persons who tested positive in person’s ZIP code reported to Orange County Public Health Department during March 1–August 16, 2020, divided by estimated population of ZIP code.

Main Article

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Page created: July 23, 2021
Page updated: September 19, 2021
Page reviewed: September 19, 2021
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