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Volume 28, Number 1—January 2022
Research

Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes Associated with Death, South Africa, 2012–2018

Annelies MüllerComments to Author , Jackie Kleynhans, Linda de Gouveia, Susan Meiring, Cheryl Cohen, Lucy Jane Hathaway1, Anne von Gottberg1, and for GERMS-SA
Author affiliations: University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Bern, Switzerland (A. Müller); University of Bern Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bern (A. Müller, L.J. Hathaway); National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa (J. Kleynhans, L. de Gouveia, S. Meiring, C. Cohen, A. von Gottberg); University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (J. Kleynhans, S. Meiring, C. Cohen, A. von Gottberg); These authors contributed equally to this article.1

Main Article

Table 2

Clinical characteristics of patients with invasive pneumococcal disease, South Africa, 2012–2018*

Variable
No. (%) patients
Total IPD cases, N = 4,272
Total <15 y, n = 1,095
Total >15 y, n = 3,177
Serotype†
4 223 (5.2) 15 (1.4) 208 (6.6)
6B 64 (1.5) 30 (2.7) 34 (1.1)
9V 41 (1.0) 10 (0.9) 31 (1.0)
14 77 (1.8) 23 (2.1) 54 (1.7)
18C 48 (1.1) 11 (1.0) 37 (1.2)
19F 178 (4.2) 69 (6.3) 109 (3.4)
23F 136 (3.2) 57 (5.2) 79 (2.5)
1 282 (6.6) 80 (7.3) 202 (6.4)
3 290 (6.8) 39 (3.6) 251 (7.9)
5 28 (0.7) 14 (1.3) 14 (0.4)
6A 121 (2.8) 34 (3.1) 87 (2.8)
7F 81 (1.9) 2 (0.2) 79 (2.5)
19A 379 (8.9) 73 (6.7) 306 (9.6)
2 2 (0.1) 0 2 (0.1)
8 507 (11.9) 153 (14.0) 354 (11.1)
9N 127 (3.0) 15 (1.4) 112 (3.5)
10A 121 (2.8) 37 (3.4) 84 (2.6)
11A 48 (1.1) 14 (1.3) 34 (1.1)
12F 375 (8.8) 68 (6.2) 307 (9.7)
15B/C 146 (3.4) 66 (6.0) 80 (2.5)
17F 113 (2.7) 26 (2.4) 87 (2.7)
20 19 (0.4) 6 (0.6) 13 (0.4)
22F 111 (2.6) 12 (1.1) 99 (3.1)
33F 17 (0.4) 6 (0.6) 11 (0.4)
16F 178 (4.2) 57 (5.2) 121 (3.8)
15A 154 (3.6) 50 (4.6) 104 (3.3)
13 91 (2.1) 20 (1.8) 71 (2.2)
7C 86 (2.0) 27 (2.5) 59 (1.7)
35B 105 (2.5) 53 (4.8) 52 (1.6)
23A 80 (1.9) 18 (1.6) 62 (2.0)
6C
44 (1.0)
10 (0.9)
34 (1.1)
Specimen
CSF 1,223 (28.6) 328 (30.0) 895 (28.2)
Blood 2,728 (63.9) 697 (63.7) 2,031 (63.9)
 Other
321 (7.5)
70 (6.4)
251 (7.9)
Diagnosis
Bacteremia without focus 319 (7.5) 94 (8.6) 225 (7.1)
Lower respiratory tract infection 2,352 (55.1) 551 (50.3) 1,801 (56.7)
Meningitis‡ 4,439 (33.7) 400 (36.5) 1,039 (32.7)
Other
162 (3.6)
50 (4.6)
112 (3.5)
In-hospital outcome
Died
1,369 (32.1)
242 (22.1)
1,127 (35.5)
Underlying conditions§ 1,352 (31.7) 428 (39.1) 924 (29.1)

*Data from GERMS-SA (https://www.nicd.ac.za/germs) enhanced surveillance sites. †Serotypes appear in order of vaccine. The first 7 are in the PCV7 vaccine, the first 13 are in the PCV13 vaccine, the first 23 in the PPSV23 vaccine, and the rest are not included in a current vaccine. ‡Meningitis cases include those diagnosed with meningitis and those with both meningitis and lower respiratory tract infections. §Predisposing conditions defined as any one or more of the following: burns, chronic lung disease (including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, cystic fibrosis), chronic liver disease, chronic renal disease, cardiac conditions (including valvular disease and heart failure), stroke, neuromuscular diseases, cerebral palsy, metabolic diseases (including diabetes mellitus), head injury, surgery, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, ventricular shunts, cochlear implants, primary immunodeficiency conditions, complement deficiency, immunosuppression treatment (steroids/chemo/cancer treatment),protein-energy malnutrition, functional or anatomic asplenia (including sickle cell disease), malignancy, organ transplant, chromosomal conditions (including Down syndrome), prematurity and aplastic anemia.

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Page created: December 13, 2021
Page updated: December 20, 2021
Page reviewed: December 20, 2021
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