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Volume 28, Number 8—August 2022
Research

COVID-19 Symptoms and Deaths among Healthcare Workers, United States

Shao Lin1Comments to Author , Xinlei Deng2, Ian Ryan2, Kai Zhang3, Wangjian Zhang3, Ese Oghaghare3, DeeDee Bennett Gayle3, and Benjamin Shaw3
Author affiliations: University of Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, New York, USA (S. Lin, X. Deng, I. Ryan, K. Zhang, E. Oghaghare, B. Shaw); Sun Yat-Sen University School of Public Health, Guangzhou, China (W. Zhang); University at Albany College of Emergency Preparedness, Homeland Security and Cybersecurity, Albany, New York, USA (D. Bennett Gayle); University of Illinois Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA (B. Shaw)

Main Article

Table 1

Comparison of sociodemographics among HCWs who died from COVID-19 versus 3 control groups, United States, January 1, 2020–October 12, 2021*

Variable HCW deaths, no. (%) Control 1: HCW nondeaths
 Control 2: non-HCW deaths
 Control 3: non-HCW nondeaths
No. (%) p value† No. (%) p value‡ No. (%) p value§
Sex
F 893 (60.79) 356,553 (81.36) <0.001 50,104 (44.97) <0.001 2,240,363 (51.07) <0.001
M
 576 (39.21)
 81,700 (18.64)
61,306 (55.03)
2,146,333 (48.93)
Age group, y
10–19 1 (0.07) 10,866 (2.48) <0.001 104 (0.09) <0.001 610,578 (13.89) <0.001
20–29 27 (1.84) 109,220 (24.90) 536 (0.48) 794,483 (18.08)
30–39 86 (5.85) 111,437 (25.41) 1,471 (1.32) 698,099 (15.89)
40–49 160 (10.89) 90,003 (20.52) 3,613 (3.24) 633,574 (14.42)
50–59 412 (28.05) 75,625 (17.24) 9,013 (8.08) 593,951 (13.52)
60–69 551 (37.51) 36,657 (8.36) 18,621 (16.69) 423,500 (9.64)
70–79 176 (11.98) 3,382 (0.77) 28,157 (25.23) 224,251 (5.10)
80+
 56 (3.81)
 294 (0.07)
50,026 (44.83)
123,222 (2.80)
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic 1,104 (80.29) 299,362 (80.63) 0.774 79,520 (76.84) <0.001 2,588,535 (69.11) <0.001
Hispanic
 271 (19.71)
 71,899 (19.37)
23,973 (23.16)
1,157,127 (30.89)
Race
White 530 (48.01) 208,585 (69.68) <0.001 59,586 (74.93) <0.001 1,878,386 (72.57) <0.001
Black 300 (27.17) 46,883 (15.66) 10,644 (13.39) 350,133 (13.53)
Asian 237 (21.47) 19,156 (6.40) 6,031 (7.58) 113,042 (4.37)
American Indian/Alaska Native 0 497 (0.17) 292 (0.37) 13,813 (0.53)
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander 3 (0.27) 988 (0.33) 327 (0.41) 11,837 (0.46)
Multiple/Other
 34 (3.08)
 23,253 (7.77)
2,640 (3.32)
221,324 (8.55)
Month
January 89 (7.00) 47,353 (11.52) <0.001 11,209 (12.81) <0.001 512,018 (12.61) <0.001
February 30 (2.36) 15,997 (3.89) 3,455 (3.95) 217,736 (5.36)
March 51 (4.01) 17,412 (4.24) 3,500 (4.00) 198,717 (4.90)
April 95 (7.47) 35,111 (8.55) 7,079 (8.09) 268,465 (6.61)
May 86 (6.77) 27,006 (6.57) 5,938 (6.79) 223,827 (5.51)
June 347 (27.30) 43,318 (10.54) 10,658 (12.18) 318,614 (7.85)
July 87 (6.85) 30,810 (7.50) 6,860 (7.84) 331,432 (8.16)
August 107 (8.42) 34,256 (8.34) 7,088 (8.10) 405,229 (9.98)
September 82 (6.45) 29,824 (7.26) 5,726 (6.54) 348,613 (8.59)
October 49 (3.86) 23,615 (5.75) 4,492 (5.13) 238,337 (5.87)
November 109 (8.58) 51,872 (12.62) 9,349 (10.68) 480,294 (11.83)
December
 139 (10.94)
 54,316 (13.22)
12,149 (13.88)
516,249 (12.72)
Season
Spring 232 (18.25) 79,529 (19.36) <0.001 16,517 (18.88) <0.001 691,009 (17.02) <0.001
Summer 541 (42.56) 108,384 (26.38) 24,606 (28.12) 1,055,275 (25.99)
Fall 240 (18.88) 105,311 (25.63) 19,567 (22.36) 1,067,244 (26.29)
Winter 258 (20.30) 117,666 (28.64) 26,813 (30.64) 1,246,003 (30.69)

*A total of 440,044 healthcare workers were reported to have COVID-19, including 1,469 in the HCW deaths group and 438,575 in HCW nondeaths group. HCW, healthcare worker. †Comparison of HCW deaths vs. HCW nondeaths (control 1). ‡Comparison of HCW deaths vs. non-HCW deaths (control 2). §Comparison of HCW deaths vs. non-HCW nondeaths (control 3).

Main Article

1This author was the principal investigator and first author.

2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

3These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: June 23, 2022
Page updated: July 20, 2022
Page reviewed: July 20, 2022
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