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Volume 28, Number 8—August 2022
Research

COVID-19 Symptoms and Deaths among Healthcare Workers, United States

Shao Lin1Comments to Author , Xinlei Deng2, Ian Ryan2, Kai Zhang3, Wangjian Zhang3, Ese Oghaghare3, DeeDee Bennett Gayle3, and Benjamin Shaw3
Author affiliations: University of Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, New York, USA (S. Lin, X. Deng, I. Ryan, K. Zhang, E. Oghaghare, B. Shaw); Sun Yat-Sen University School of Public Health, Guangzhou, China (W. Zhang); University at Albany College of Emergency Preparedness, Homeland Security and Cybersecurity, Albany, New York, USA (D. Bennett Gayle); University of Illinois Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA (B. Shaw)

Main Article

Table 2

Multivariable analyses for severe clinical indicators and reported symptoms among HCWs who died of COVID-19 compared with HCW nondeaths, United States, January 1, 2020–October 12, 2021*

Variables HCW deaths, no. (%) Control 1: HCW nondeaths
No. (%) OR (95% CI)†
Total numbers
 1,469
 438,575
Hospitalized 1,152 (83.84) 18,018 (5.20) 56.22 (47.40–66.70)
Admitted to ICU 663 (77.00) 1,530 (1.51) 102.51 (83.53–125.82)
Had pneumonia 281 (64.75) 4,363 (3.13) 30.97 (24.53–39.10)
Abnormal radiograph 207 (69.93) 2,647 (3.73) 28.75 (21.51–38.41)
Acute respiratory disease symptoms 138 (46.62) 1,120 (0.83) 61.96 (46.60–82.38)
MV intubation 296 (58.04) 306 (0.29) 230.94 (178.10–299.45)
Fever 305 (66.02) 57,293 (36.50) 3.11 (2.50–3.86)
Subjective fever 169 (52.98) 57,236 (37.68) 1.75 (1.37–2.23)
Chills 217 (48.98) 73,019 (42.77) 1.10 (0.90–1.35)
Myalgia 245 (53.38) 106,971 (59.10) 0.88 (0.72–1.08)
Running nose 69 (30.67) 63,003 (51.99) 0.51 (0.37–0.71)
Sore throat 106 (25.00) 72,053 (41.11) 0.65 (0.51–0.83)
Cough 440 (78.15) 124,345 (66.30) 1.65 (1.33–2.06)
Dyspnea, shortness of breath 399 (70.74) 51,547 (30.04) 6.06 (4.95–7.41)
Nausea/vomiting 127 (27.73) 39,179 (23.04) 1.49 (1.19–1.87)
Headache 195 (43.82) 121,960 (66.47) 0.50 (0.41–0.62)
Abdominal pain 47 (12.95) 17,180 (12.49) 1.03 (0.73–1.45)
Diarrhea 171 (37.58) 48,559 (28.68) 1.47 (1.20–1.82)
Underlying medical conditions 627 (88.31) 93,519 (43.94) 6.44 (4.95–8.39)

*The ORs in this table controlled for sex, age group, race, ethnicity, dominant periods of SARS-CoV-2 variants, and vaccination starting time. HCW, healthcare worker; ICU, intensive care unit; MV, mechanical ventilation; OR, odds ratio. †Comparison of HCW deaths vs. HCW nondeaths (control 1).

Main Article

1This author was the principal investigator and first author.

2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

3These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: June 23, 2022
Page updated: July 20, 2022
Page reviewed: July 20, 2022
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