Widespread Exposure to Mosquitoborne California Serogroup Viruses in Caribou, Arctic Fox, Red Fox, and Polar Bears, Canada
Kayla J. Buhler
, Antonia Dibernardo, Nicholas W. Pilfold, N. Jane Harms, Heather Fenton, Suzanne Carriere, Allicia Kelly, Helen Schwantje, Xavier Fernandez Aguilar, Lisa-Marie Leclerc, Geraldine G. Gouin, Nicholas J. Lunn, Evan S. Richardson, David McGeachy, Émilie Bouchard, Adrián Hernández Ortiz, Gustaf Samelius, L. Robbin Lindsay, Michael A. Drebot, Patricia Gaffney, Patrick Leighton, Ray Alisauskas, and Emily Jenkins
Author affiliations: University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (K.J. Buhler, É. Bouchard, A. Hernández Ortiz, R. Alisauskas, E. Jenkins); National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A. Dibernardo, L.R. Lindsay, M.A. Drebot); San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, California, USA (N.W. Pilfold, P. Gaffney); Government of Yukon, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada (N.J. Harms); Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis (H. Fenton); Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada (H. Fenton, S. Carriere, A. Kelly); Government of British Columbia, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada (H. Schwantje); University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (X. Fernandez Aguilar); Government of Nunavut, Kugluktuk, Nunavut, Canada (L.-M. Leclerc); Makivik Corporation, Kuujjuaq, Québec, Canada (G.G. Gouin); Environment and Climate Change Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (N.J. Lunn, D. McGeachy); Environment and Climate Change Canada, Winnipeg (E.S. Richardson); Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle, Washington, USA (G. Sameilus); Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec (É. Bouchard, P. Leighton)
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Table 3
Seroprevalence of California serogroup viruses in the western Hudson Bay polar bear population during 3 periods in study of widespread exposure to mosquitoborne California serogroup viruses in caribou, Arctic fox, red fox, and polar bears, Canada*
Years |
Sample size |
Prevalence, % (95% CI) |
No. males |
Prevalence, % (no.) |
No. females |
Prevalence, % (no.) |
1986–1989 |
142 |
21 (13–26) |
67 |
18 (12) |
70 |
23 (16) |
1995–1998 |
149 |
36 (28–44) |
73 |
23 (17) |
76 |
47 (36) |
2015–2017 |
100 |
27 (19–36) |
47 |
17 (8) |
53 |
36 (19) |
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Page created: November 18, 2022
Page updated: December 21, 2022
Page reviewed: December 21, 2022
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