Volume 29, Number 1—January 2023
Dispatch
Plasmodium falciparum pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 Gene Deletions in Malaria-Hyperendemic Region, South Sudan
Table 2
Association of age, sex, MOI, severity of infection, and previous seasonal malaria chemoprophylaxis with pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions in malaria-hyperendemic region, South Sudan*
Characteristic | Total no. | pfhrp2 deletion |
pfhrp3 deletion |
pfhrp2/3 double deletion |
Wild-type |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Frequency, % (95% CI) | No. | Frequency, % (95% CI) | No. | Frequency, % (95% CI) | No. | Frequency, % (95% CI) | |||||
Age, y | ||||||||||||
<5 | 159 | 28 | 17.61 (12.03–24.44) | 29 | 18.24 (12.49–24.98) | 14 | 8.81 (4.87–14.25) | 117 | 73.58 (66.02–80.25) | |||
5–14 | 196 | 24 | 12.24 (8.00–17.67) | 30 | 15.31 (10.57–21.12) | 10 | 5.10 (2.47–9.18) | 152 | 77.55 (71.06–83.19) | |||
>14 | 163 | 30 | 18.40 (12.77–25.21) | 45 | 27.61 (20.90–35.14) | 15 | 9.20 (5.24–14.72) | 103 | 63.19 (55.29–70.60) | |||
p value (χ2) |
0.238 (2.874) |
0.012 (8.875) |
0.261 (2.686) |
0.009 |
||||||||
Sex | ||||||||||||
F | 271 | 44 | 16.24 (12.05–21.18) | 60 | 22.14 (17.34–27.56) | 24 | 8.86 (5.76–12.89) | 191 | 70.48 (64.66–75.84) | |||
M | 247 | 37 | 14.98 (10.77–20.05) | 44 | 17.81 (13.25–23.17) | 15 | 6.07 (3.44–9.82) | 181 | 73.79 (67.30–78.69) | |||
p value (χ2) |
0.694 (0.154) |
0.219 (1.507) |
0.231 (1.438) |
0.542 |
||||||||
MOI | ||||||||||||
1: monoclonal | 116 | 26 | 22.41 (15.19–31.09) | 37 | 31.90 (23.55–41.19) | 14 | 12.07 (6.76–19.42) | 102 | 87.93 (80.58–93.24) | |||
>2: Polyclonal | 303 | 43 | 14.29 (10.54–18.76) | 46 | 15.28 (11.41–19.85) | 15 | 4.98 (2.82–8.09) | 288 | 95.05 (91.97–97.20) | |||
p value (χ2) |
0.001 (9.881) |
<0.001 (14.754) |
0.010 (6.598) |
0.019 |
||||||||
Severity | ||||||||||||
Uncomplicated | 472 | 68 | 14.41 (11.36–17.90) | 82 | 17.37 (14.06–21.10) | 31 | 6.57 (4.51–9.19) | 359 | 73.56 (71.95–79.84) | |||
Complicated | 30 | 8 | 26.67 (12.28–45.89) | 14 | 46.67 (28.34–65.67) | 5 | 16.67 (5.64–34.72) | 13 | 43.33 (25.46–62.57) |
|||
p value (χ2) |
0.087 (2.937) |
<0.001 (14.031) |
0.051 (3.819) |
<0.001 |
||||||||
Seasonal malaria chemoprophylaxis for children <5 y | ||||||||||||
Yes | 137 | 24 | 17.52 (11.56–24.94) | 22 | 16.06 (10.35–23.24) | 11 | 8.03 (4.08–13.91) | 102 | 74.45 (66.30–81.52) | |||
Not | 22 | 3 | 13.64 (2.91–34.91) | 7 | 31.82 (13.86–54.87) | 3 | 13.63 (2.91–34.91) | 15 | 68.18 (45.13–86.14) | |||
p value (χ2) | 0.652 (0.203) |
0.075 (3.157) |
0.742 (0.389) |
0.720 (0.129) |
*Variables were considered categorical variables and the association between them and deletions were assessed using χ2 testing. Deletions for pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 include both single and double deletions. All analyses used a 95% CI and a p value of <0.05 for statistical significance. MOI, multiplicity of infection.
1These authors contributed equally to this article.