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Volume 29, Number 11—November 2023
Research

Risk Factors for Recent HIV Infections among Adults in 14 Countries in Africa Identified by Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment Surveys, 2015–2019

Dustin W. CurrieComments to Author , Christine A. West, Hetal K. Patel, Jennifer Favaloro, Fred Asiimwe, Felix Ndagije, Rachel Silver, Owen Mugurungi, Judith Shang, Clement B. Ndongmo, Daniel B. Williams, Edington Dzinotyiweyi, Anthony Waruru, Munyaradzi Pasipamire, Harriet Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Sindisiwe Dlamini, Natasha McLeod, Eugenie Kayirangwa, Gallican Rwibasira, Peter A. Minchella, Andrew F. Auld, Rose Nyirenda, Yimam Getaneh, Ashenafi Haile Hailemariam, Isabelle Tondoh-Koui, Natacha Kohemun, George S. Mgomella, Prosper Faustine Njau, Wilford L. Kirungi, Ibrahim Dalhatu, Kristen A. Stafford, Stephane M. Bodika, Faith Ussery, Stephen McCracken, Paul Stupp, Kristin Brown, Yen T. Duong, Bharat S. Parekh, and Andrew C. Voetsch
Author affiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (D.W. Currie, C.A. West, H.K. Patel, J. Favaloro, R. Silver, S.M. Bodika, F. Ussery, S. McCracken, P. Stupp, K. Brown, B.S. Parekh, A.C. Voetsch); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maseru, Lesotho (F. Asiimwe); Columbia University, Maseru (F. Ndagije); Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe (O. Mugurungi); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Yaoundé, Cameroon (J. Shang, C.B. Ndongmo); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Windhoek, Namibia (D.B. Williams); Republic of Namibia Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek (E. Dzinotyiweyi); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya (A. Waruru); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mbabane, Eswatini (M. Pasipamire); Columbia University, Mbabane (H. Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha); Ministry of Health Mbabane, Mbabane (S. Dlamini); Columbia University, New York, New York, USA (N. McLeod, Y.T. Duong); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kigali, Rwanda (E. Kayirangwa); Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Health, Kigali (G. Rwibasira); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lusaka, Zambia (P.A. Minchella, A.F. Auld); Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi (R. Nyrenda); Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Y. Getaneh); Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Y. Getaneh); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa (A.H. Hailemariam); Cote d’Ivoire Ministry of Health, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (I. Tondoh-Koui); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abidjan (N. Kohemun); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (G.S. Mgomella); United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania (P.F. Njau); Republic of Uganda Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda (W.L. Kirungi); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria (I. Dalhatu); University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (K.A. Stafford)

Main Article

Table 5

Crude and adjusted odds ratios comparing recent and long-term HIV infections in study of risk factors for HIV infections among adults in 14 countries in Africa identified by Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment surveys, 2015–2019

Category
 Crude odds ratio (95% CI)
 Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
Region
Eastern Africa 0.82 (0.53–1.28) 1.10 (0.68–1.76)
Southeastern Africa 0.57 (0.37–0.88) 1.03 (0.61–1.73)
Southern Africa 0.57 (0.37–0.89) 1.18 (0.66–2.11)
Western Africa
 Referent
 Referent
Sex
F 0.96 (0.67–1.38) 1.00 (0.61–1.65)
  M
 Referent
 Referent
Age Group, y
15–24 6.03 (3.81–9.53) 4.79 (2.79–8.24)
25–34 2.60 (1.69–4.01) 2.23 (1.43–3.47)
35–49
 Referent
 Referent
Marital Status
Married/cohabiting 0.45 (0.30–0.68) 0.86 (0.49–1.49)
Divorced/separated/widowed 0.61 (0.35–1.05) 1.09 (0.58–2.06)
Never married
 Referent
 Referent
Age of Sexual Debut, y
<18 1.49 (1.05–2.11) 1.19 (0.82–1.71)
>18
 Referent
 Referent
No. sexual partners in previous 12 mo
1 Referent Referent
>2
 1.96 (1.35–2.85)
 1.83 (1.17–2.86)
Condom used at last sex
Condom used 0.51 (0.34–0.77) 0.46 (0.28–0.74)
Condom not used
 Referent
 Referent
HIV status of sexual partners
>1 partner thought/told/tested HIV+ 0.22 (0.10–0.49) 0.17 (0.08–0.36)
>1 partner with unknown HIV status 1.35 (0.95–1.92) 1.18 (0.80–1.76)
All partners thought/told/tested HIV–
 Referent
 Referent
Age difference with sexual partners
Partners <5 years older than participant Referent Referent
>1 partner 5–9 years older than participant 1.09 (0.74–1.59) 1.08 (0.68–1.72)
>1 partner >10 years older than participant
 0.82 (0.54–1.24)
 0.84 (0.50–1.42)
Community-level viremia*
Lowest quartile Referent Referent
Second quartile 0.90 (0.40–2.01) 1.01 (0.43–2.39)
Third quartile 0.72 (0.34–1.54) 0.86 (0.37–1.99)
Highest quartile 0.58 (0.28–1.19) 0.70 (0.31–1.62)

*Lowest quartile (0–25%), <39.38 viremic persons/10,000 population; second quartile (25%–50%), 39.38–122.51 viremic persons/10,000 population; third quartile (50%–75%), 122.52–297.03 viremic persons/10,000 population; highest quartile (76%–100%), >297.03 viremic persons/10,000 population.

Main Article

Page created: October 02, 2023
Page updated: October 23, 2023
Page reviewed: October 23, 2023
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